(Nachiyar Tirumoli, 4.10, Venkatesan, 2010, 158, emphasis mine), Virtuous Brahmins sang the Vedas and chanted sacred verses, they kindled the sacrificial fire with perfect dry twigs and encircled it, My lord of great prowess, that mighty elephant, Such a vision I dreamed, my friend. My dad got me two English language volumes of Samaithu Par the famed cookery book by Meenakshi Ammal, every Tamil brides gastronomic gospel for decades. (1991) Women Writing in India. Indian Journal of Arts and Ideas. Some festivals attract significant participation, with the Meenakshi wedding-related festival attracting over a million people over 12 days. But they have differences for some one who has keen eyes and wanting to learn more about architecture. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas Publishers. It is thus set in the mode of legitimate love and it is this which makes it possible to incorporate Andals hymn in the rituals of women. At Ancient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. In short, that they were inadequate as historical sources of inspiration for women because they could not be called feminist. difference between meenakshi and andal. Bombay: Research Centre for Womens Studies. It symbolises that our demonic thoughts would be subdued in the hands of God. meenakshi sharma. The ritual, performed on every day of the month of Margazhi (December-January) by fasting girls, is supposed to bring abundant rains to the land and good husbands to the girls. (Meenakshi C, Manushi, 1989, 36). The thesis that Bhakti is anti-Vedic needs to be understood as a result of the egalitarian thesis of Bhakti rather than possessing any truth or fact value to it. It is my argument that the anachronistically feminist and protestant frameworks we saw above distort our understanding of Andal. CAESAR, THE ELEPHANT. The difference between the narrator in Nagulan's poem and the narrator in this poem is that the delusion of pencil/man is made natural in Nagulan's poem while here the word/cat breach is proclaimed voluntarily. Meerabai (16 th century) was a Rajput Princess of Mewar who decided in her childhood that her husband was Lord Krishna. To know the system of education in India as it existed around 1820, ie before the British destroyed Indias own education system. For instance, Rekha Pande argues: Throughout history there have been various independent reform movements which questioned the authority of the Vedas and created an alternative religious space through different modes and means and we find a great representative in the Bhakti movement. (Pande, 2010, x). Shree Venkateshwara Hi-Tech Engineering College, Erode . algoma university careers; iron concretions in sandstone; dewalt dc012 radio will not turn on We offer our clients 100% Satisfaction guarantee. Roadconstructionequipment pptx2-130310150329-phpapp01 - copy (2) Kathrene Andal. It is commonly said that Bhoodevi Andal's independent picture or photo should not be kept and worshipped in the house. There is a significant difference between the pretest and post test scores of airway clearance in both group1 and ingroup II after endotracheal suctioning.There is a significant association between the level of airway clearance among intubated patients with their selected socio demographic data and clinical variables.. 9. The twig methanolic Rules just make us manifest her through the see, nayanadeeksha so nayanadeeksha of Meenakshi is too important." Apart from the flouting of secular and religious authority in which all the bhaktas have, to some extent, to engage, the woman bhakta has also to flout the absolute authority of the husband and his family over her life, since she now acknowledges a higher authority (Cited in Sugirtharajah, 2001). While Chakravarti presents Avvaiyyars bhakti as strength, she cannot accept Avvaiyar just as she is. Picture of Greek Goddess Athena with an owl, Vyasas Son Parrot Saint = Sukha Brahmam. he who is the embodiment of the four Vedas. We have several Hindu gods carrying a bird in their hands. Hindu goddess Lakshmi and Sarawati have owl and swan as their respective vehicles (vahanas). This did not work, however, as Meenakshi proclaimed that she would only marry the man who could beat her in combat. Birds link to omens has been already explained in my post Can Birds Predict Your Future? Tamils, Etruscans and other Hindus strongly believed in such omens. (Nachiyar Tirumoli 1.10, Venkatesan, 2010, 149, emphasis mine). These anachronistic readings of Bhakti have other effects. [v] He concludes thus: This suggests the need for a more conscious recognition of the autonomous quality of religious behaviour (Sharma, 1977, 250). Shree Venkateshwara Hi-Tech Engineering College, Erode . A date range given for his birth is the 8 th-9 th century CE. The story of Taitriya Upanishad is interesting. Andals experience of love is socially contained within the sexuality of the wife. In Archana Venkatesans analysis, that Karaikkal Ammaiyars husband releases her from marriage is seen as a move away from the normative social ordermarked by a radical transformation (Venkatesan, 2010, 7). In other words, instead of breaking the myth of ascetic practices as superior to streedharma, we can also view ascetic practices as an aspect of streedharma, as being practiced in medieval Bhakti. The great and little traditions organize and catalogue the universe, and make available the price-list. In this context, viewing femininity as a framework is useful because through it, we can understand why women bhaktas upheld streedharma. Meenakshi Navaratna Mala, a Sanskrit hymn praises her in the very first verse as the carrier of a parrot. Etymology. [Online]Available at: http://ma.nithyananda.org/dfoienr20938l4kfdifd/history/meenakshi-the-fish-eyed-cosmic-mother/, Pattanaik, D., 2016. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Also, the signs of desperate love displayed by Andal through self-deprivation and denial resemble ascetic practices. All good things we say are repeated. Venkatesan, Archana. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. For more on this, see Veeranna Rajuru (2001). He too represents beauty and receptivity. In relation to this all the students and teachers went on a nature walk to the Police Quarters nearby where they observed the plants, nature and picked out things from nature. Product : 1 Crown. 8 spiritual secrets for multiplying your money. The work of the great female Azhvar saint Andal is also revered. [i] PhD Dissertation titled Akka Mahadevi, a rebel, saint and poet? Obituaries Bishop Funeral Home Mcalester, Ok, (Nachiyar Tirumoli, 3.1, Venkatesan, 154, 2010). (Post No.4158), , (Post No.3602). [iv]. USA Distributor of MCM Equipment difference between meenakshi and andal 20. Home; Dante Opera. In some analyses, Andals references to sexual love are over-emphasized. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. There is a method to it all; she seems aware that streedharma too is a path towards moksha. The phrase n d m g r when rendered flat brings Hamsanandi and with a subtle difference, if rendered with a curve in all swaras brings Poorvikalyani. So you can see by seeing one by one in order how the hoysala architecture evolved. She translates fiction between English and Kannada and is Adjunct Faculty at the San Diego State University, San Diego, USA. Details of the spectacular Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai ( Natesh Ramasamy / flickr ). Such as: the construction of the historical world of the bhaktas as patriarchal, as if to suit the theory. Shimla: IIAS. He continues by saying: Although many have attempted to claim for the Virashaivas, something identical to Webers notion of the Protestant ethic of hard work, frugality and capital investment, the economic ethic which appears in the present Virashaiva texts at least is somewhat different from that notion. (Michael, 1992, 44). Now he claims my very life. consumer relationship resulting from the increased use of digital technologies. Also significant is the fact that the mandalis emerge and function from within the framework of streedharma when they claim their space in rituals. Shein Mens Sunglasses, Contact Details : 0361-2974431/ 2974430 0364-2223665 roc[dot]shillong[at]mca[dot]gov[dot]in. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Made of metal and decorated with glittering stone. In other words, streedharma or wifely duties are deeply engrained in the life of men and women before medieval Bhakti and is not as conservative as it gets portrayed. According to them, as Kishwar and Ruth Vanita write: The ideology of pativrata, whereby a womans salvation lies in unquestioning devotion to her husband, comes into active conflict with the ideology of bhakti when the bhakta is a woman. Krishna too holds this posture, of course. Aestheticization results in the view that Tiruppavai or Tirumoli are examples of love poetry. Can parrots recite Vedas? Mysore: Akhila Bharata Sharana Sahitya Parishattu. Picture of Greek Goddess Artemis with birds and Hindu Swastika symbol, 700 BC. kill the process running on port 1717 sfdx. Anna university grade system Chennai HTM. More importantly, we see an assertion of the performance of rituals and vows and ritualized patterns in Andals Tiruppavai. 1929 wheat penny. No 178, 1st Agraharam, Salem - 636001, Tamil Nadu, India. Piri Reis Map - How Could a 16th Century Map Show Antarctica Without Ice? An additional problem that confronts us is that scholars who do see Andal as feminine view streedharma in bad light. Differentiate between making a Living and living a Life: For both the young at heart, and the biologically young, addiction to the bright lights of fame, power and fortune is inevitable, until the bright lights are switched off by politics or circumstance. Kili viDu Thuthu is a genre in Tamil. A component of pure dance with complex rhythmic syllables interwoven with verses that describe the dance of Krishna and the maidens. As the king was making a sacrifice in the hope of getting a child, a three year old girl came out from the sacrificial fire. An alternative theory is thus necessary and possible. The thesis that Bhakti was egalitarian claims that women and lower castes were given greater space to express themselves, that women saints were proto-feminists, that the saints were critical of ritualistic practices, rejected institutionalized forms of religion, challenged the sexual norms of their time or streedharma, allowed for direct access to God, were social reformist and rebellious. The alternative would read thus: streedharma offered a space for not just women but also men during medieval Bhakti, to reach moksha in an easy yet effective manner. Why do animals worship Gods? (1997) Akkamahadevi. 24 Jun . And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there exist countless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts that have yet to be discovered and explained. Her research on the Indian intellectual traditions and feminist epistemology focused on the medieval saint, Akka Mahadevi and her vachanas.She received the BOURSE MIRA, French research fellowship in 2006 and 2007 and the Sir Ratan Tata fellowship for PhD Coursework and Writing in . Legends say Meenakshi Amman Temple was created by migrants from a lost continent. [xiv] Her very act of garlanding is an act steeped in the ritual offering made to the Gods. 15. This is the structure that visitors are able to see today when they visit Madurai. warmest city in canada in winter; According to legend, the king and his wife, Kanchanamala, were not able to have children. 5 Pagan Traditions That Will Leave You Spellbound (Video), Hidden in Plain Sight: The Pterodactyl of New Guinea. No! (My Translation). The story of this goddess shows that females need not be bound by gender norms. Ermert Funeral Home Obituaries, The most important temple dedicated to this goddess is the Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Perhaps the positive aspects of streedharma largely went unrecorded in textual form until the bhakti movement enabled oral expressions of streedharmic sentiment directed towards God. The whites and Mohammedans never seemed to molest him; and the Hindoos, because of their religion, never take the life of any creature, but spare even the snakes and tigers and fleas and rats. This understanding is further strengthened by the Virashaiva bhakti philosophy of sharana sati, linga pati that is the Shaiva tradition of medieval bhakti that developed in Karnataka. It also helps us understand that sexuality had to play a role in this path, because within streedharma it is a valid aspect of surrender and service. Vedic ritual texts emphasize that there is no difference between man and woman in so far as the right to perform Vedic rites is concerned (Katyayana Shrautasutra 1.1.7 etc). Andals self-deprivation takes the form fasting, loss of interest in adornment, loss of a sense of shame, distress and suffering: my lips are pale and I eat but once a day(Nachiyar Tirumoli 1.8, Venkatesan, 2010, 149), For days now, I am plunged into a sea of distress, but I cannot see it. (2007) A Womans Kind of Love: Female Longing in the Tamil Alvar Poetry. Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies. United Institute of Technology, Coimbatore . About Vani Vidyalaya Senior Secondary & Junior College, Chennai. Interestingly, none of the women saints advices the women of their times to leave home or reject their husbands. Refunds will be charged back to the original form of payment used for purchase. Pazhamudhir Solai. Andal. 8. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, What's your favourite Fairy Tales (and their possible origins), about Meenakshi Amman Temple: Unique Towers, Migrants from a Lost Continent, and Sacred Marriage Celebrations, What Did Ancient Greece Really Look Like? Address : Dr. Ramesh Kumar (ROC Guwahati With Additional Charge of OL, Guwahati) Registrar Of Companies 5th Floor, Prithvi Planet, Behind Hanuman Mandir, Ulubari, G.S. All hospitals listed by pin codes and contact numbers. 22, No. > excelsior tenor ukulele review > difference between meenakshi and andal. It has an idol of Vinayakaor Vigneshwara stands on a plat form in the centre. Scholars who view medieval bhakti as a continuation of earlier forms of Bhakti are acutely aware of the inconsistencies such theses produce. In the historical records, however, the existence of this temple is first mentioned during the 7 th century AD. Their argument was that these women did not talk of womens independence and equality as they ought to have, that they merely chose to substitute the slavery to a husband with slavery to a god. Mukatbai too is seen as being rather uninspiring andprone to didactism because there is an imitation of Vedic imagery in her compositions (Ramaswamy, 1997, 218). For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Andals devotion quickens her body; she awakens early to the beauty of her body, through her singleminded meditation upon the lord. The finale that invokes the blessings of Goddess Meenakshi of Madurai on the performer, audience and the whole world. Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Egypt, is one of the most iconic figures in history. Why? tamil nadu famous flowergold ornaments names with images. In fact, the atheist is the truer man. Click here to Like this page on Facebook. I remembered being attacked at a seminar organized by a group of feminists at Lady Sri Ram College in Delhi University for presenting in a positive light the life and poetry of women like Mahadeviakka and Mirabai. (Narayanan, 2006, 33), Women see in her a person who attained salvation, not by worshiping her husband as God (as Manu would have it), but by approaching God directly and wanting a union with him. Part of this problem arises in the form of contradictory arguments due to a lack of sources. [xviii] As for Andal, she has a remarkable number of verses that mention the Vedas in positive light. Mylapore, Tamil Nadu Mylapore is a coastal city in the state of Tamil Nadu and is situated very close to Bay of Bengal. Thus, through the framework of femininity, Andal, Akka and Meera could be seen as streedharmic and pativratas (note the vrata in the term pativrata), not as the rebels they are usually portrayed as. Georgia Water Well Database, Interior Design, Graphics Design and Contracting, Obituaries Bishop Funeral Home Mcalester, Ok, Part Time Medical Assistant Jobs No Experience Near Me, canadian tire briggs and stratton generator. (2006). But viewed through the streedharmic sensibility, it is possible to see that worldly possessions can be offered up for barter. In Srivilliputtur, a parrot is made every day with leaves and kept In the left hand of goddess Andal. Akka Mahadevi in her vachanas praises her beloved deity Chennamallikarjuna as the essence of vedopanishad gayatri. Chakravarti, Uma. Expecting Mirabai to be a feminist is as inappropriate as calling Gautam Buddha a Gandhian or Jesus Christ a civil libertarian. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. Meenakshi Navaratna Mala, a Sanskrit hymn praises her in the very first verse as the carrier of a parrot. What is your return or exchange policy? Dehejia, Vidya. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. Jatra and Yatra is a vernacular variant of the Sanskrit word yatra, which means "travel." [viii] By proposing such a thesis, we will be different from scholars who say the following: Through her words and actions, Andal presents an alternative lifestyle to what many dharmashastras perceive to be the role of women; she showed contempt at the idea of marrying a man and instead, gathered her friends and observed rites (vratas) to obtain Vishnu. 2~3 Sijo Premium Stone Washed 100% French Linen Bed Sheet Set, Small Batch Sour B07X15CMNH STELLA STORE It is not a opinion based. The Greek word for owl is Glaukos. Instead, we would suggest that the women bhaktas were adopting streedharma in the spiritual realm. Posted By : Comments : ffxiv attend wedding cross server ffxiv attend wedding cross server Biography. Andal. Finally, the most distinctive difference between nurses and other health care professionals was identified. The phrase n d m g r when rendered flat brings Hamsanandi and with a subtle difference, if rendered with a curve in all swaras brings Poorvikalyani. V T, Usha. There are yet other aspects we can explain through the concept of streedharma. [Online]Available at: http://www.culturalindia.net/indian-temples/meenakshi-temple.html, lewblank, 2017. pic source V. Rajagopalan [6]. Ed. Narayanan, Vasudha.. Poetry, Passion and Power: The Lyrics of Andal-Goda and the Music of Goda Mandali. Manushi 152. Andals devotion is so deep that she asks to be married to Ranganatha, a form of Vishnu at Srirangam, when she grows up. The school was established in 2002. One of the Pandyan kings was the legendary Malayadwaja Pandya, who appears as a supporter of the Pandavas in the Mahabharata. First, how must we understand Andal as a woman? Weave the name of God on whom the Gods, men and sages meditate; To secure the warp there is a post, and the four Vedas are the spinning wheels. Gods in Sumerian culture also carried birds. [ix] Celebration of beauty by application of kohl to eyes is not recommended by Trayambakayajvan in the absence of the husband in his work Streedharmapadhhati. Oct., 1980), pp. Kreedam Andal and Meenakshi Amman Mukut Buy Online Now 3.5", SMALL Deity Meenakshi Amman Durga Mukut Goddess Crown Indian Kredam Buy Now 2.2", 5" Vishnu Andaal Andal Devi Amman Mukut Head Crown Accessories God Goddess Kreedam. Meerabai (16 th century) was a Rajput Princess of Mewar who decided in her childhood that her husband was Lord Krishna. Vol. Femininity in Andal is often recognized by scholars when she is viewed as the Nayika and seen as the heroine of a Kavya-like text from the perspective of traditional Indian aesthetics. Sushumna Kannan has a PhD in Cultural Studies from Centre for the Study of Culture and Society, Bangalore, India. The body is the instrument, the site, through which their devotion is expressed. Salvation, like prosperity, has a price. Neha explained the difference between the two kinds of plants. Crow is the vahana of planet Saturn and Garuda/eagle of God Vishnu (Please read my articles on Vahans for more details). Deer Chariot: Rig Veda to Santa Claus 12. Mysterious Tamil Bird Man 11.Vedic Dog and Church Dog 11. (Nachiyar Tirumoli ,11. Understandings that see Andals writing in the following terms: In their very act of speaking out in a culture that silenced and marginalized the womans voice, the woman mystics were revolutionary in their outlook is suspect because male Alvars were composing bridal mystic works before Andal and she only seems to be conforming to and continuing the tradition (Usha V T, 2007, 67). An open ended collection of works about Spirituality, the arts, esoteric subjects, culture, world religions, poetry, films, fiction and humanities Shri Andal Alagar College of Engineering, Mamandur . Sushumna Kannan has a PhD in Cultural Studies from Centre for the Study of Culture and Society, Bangalore, India. We have seen instances of the egalitarian thesis of Bhakti distorting our understanding of it on the whole. At best, the egalitarianist readings, whether glorificatory or apologetic are reductive of Bhakti and are more instrumentalist uses of history than they are its objective studies. How and why did the women in Ancient India become Buddhist nuns? Sociological Analysis. meenakshi sharma. Invisible Bodies: Andal, Bhakti, and the Language of Poetic Discourse Samyukta: A Journal of Womens Studies. Shreenivasa Engineering College, Dharmapuri . by | Jun 25, 2022 | richlands qld crime rate | car rental raleigh nc no credit card | Jun 25, 2022 | richlands qld crime rate | car rental raleigh nc no credit card The Lord Murugan temple is located atop the hills and in case there is huge rush, one can buy a Andal got married to Vishnu here and andals bith place is between the two shrines. Vol. March. Road, The Thiruppavai, a part of the Divya Prabandham, is a collection of Tamizh paasuram in the praise of Perumal (Bhagavan Vishnu). Muktabai writes: Hari resides in the body but is aloof, the sun is reflected in water jars, you think it is near but cannot catch it, God resides in the heart but is not graspable, till one day you yourself become Hari (cited in ibid, 218). Their writings are treated as scripture, and chanted with great regard to this day. Madurai Meenakshi - The First Warrior Queen of India. Streedharma offered a space for not just women but also men during medieval Bhakti, to reach moksha in an easy yet effective manner. Vyasas son Sukha Brahmam was the one who recited all the Puranas (Hindu Mythologies). Adagio Overview; Examples (videos) Unnamalai Institute of Technology, Thoothukudi . In my previous work (2011), I argue against Ramanujans reading of the vachanakaras by showing inconsistencies in them and agree with scholars who argue in the following manner: Even Basavas rather poignant complaint against the vacuity of ritualism was not a rejection of ritual worship per se but an attempt to rid that worship of its mechanical hypocrisy and to imbue it with a pervasive inner spiritual intensity (Michael, 1992, 130). Vedic ritual texts emphasize that there is no difference between man and woman in so far as the right to perform Vedic rites is concerned (Katyayana Shrautasutra 1.1.7 etc). It is managed by Meenakshi Ammal Trust. That is, they seek to write a history of gender even as they study the bhakti saints. Such is the importance of parrot in her life: Meenakshim ,Madhureswareem, Sukhatharam Sri Pandya Baalaam Bhaje =Salutations to Goddess Meenakshi, goddess of Madurai, who has a parrot in her hand, In the kriti Paripoornakama, the phrase, s s s S, S in anupallavi is very beautiful. GODS AND BIRDS. [xvi] Scholars like Blake Michael argue that Virashaiva saints like Basavanna were only criticizing ritual impropriety and not rituals per se. Meenakshi grew up learning the martial arts, and became a fine warrior who excelled particularly in archery and sword-fighting. The the larger context is missed in these selective readings. (2011) When the Goddess was a woman: Mahabharata Ethnographies. Given these compounded problems, I suggest that we read Andals verses, I will not continue to live if it is planned to give me in marriage to a human being or I will pull my her breasts out by the roots and throw them on the chest of Krishna if He continues to ignore me as a mark of devotion and single-minded focus upon Krishna, a deity favourite and real to her. (Meenakshi C, Manushi, 1989, 36). The will of the Lord is the will of the sage. The term yatra is most often used to refer to travels to distant locations, while jatra refers to visits to locations within the immediate vicinity. Through this framework Bhakti was viewed as ethical, egalitarian, and monotheistic, among other things. Vol. Meenakshi Amman Temple. consumer relationship resulting from the increased use of digital technologies. That is, the framework of streedharma provides greater intelligibility and historical location to medieval Bhakti. (Nachiyar Tirumoli, 1.5, Venkatesan, 149, emphasis mine), Namo Nryaa (Nachiyar Tirumoli, 5.11, Venkatesan, 163, emphasis mine), just like the blazing flame he holds aloft in his right hand, that one, the light who is the essence of the Vedas. The temple is at the center of the ancient temple city of Variable cost per unit fluctuate and fixed cost per unit remained constant b. Many believe that to be the gopuram of Srivilliputur Andal temple. Just think of difference between Aram seiya virumbu (like doing righteous things) and Acham Thavir (Avoid Fear). Animal Einsteins (Part 1 and Part 2) 2. Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman Temple, also known as Meenakshi Sundareshwarar Temple, is a historic Hindu temple located on the southern bank of the Vaigai River in the temple city of Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.It is dedicated to the goddess Meenakshi, a form of Parvati, and her consort, Sundareshwarar, a form of Shiva. city resounding with learned men chanting the Vedas, will certainly attain Vaikuha! (Nachiyar Tirumoli, 2.10, Venkatesan, 2010, 153, emphasis mine), We have nicked your name, taken liberties. [xii] The singing and dancing here is with reference to the recitation of Andals compositions in mandalis. (Narayanan, 2006, 38). Get complete list of Care health insurance network hospitals in coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. This instance (where the girl-child was prayed for) problematizes some of the current criteria for identifying patriarchy in a society. ( public domain ). Consider, for instance, the fact that the 13th century hagiographies of Akka Mahadevi by Harihara and Chennabasavanka describe Akka Mahadevi in their narratives as being born after her parents earnestly prayed for a girl-child (cited in Sumitrabai, 1997, 17). Welcome to Thugil Online store. man killed in houston car accident 6 juin 2022. Kabir says: O weaver! [x] Thus, she is able to say: for the radiant beacon of yarpi(Nachiyar Tirumoli, 13.10, Venkatesan, 2010, 185). Avvais stance on women becomes a minor aberration in the otherwise courageous Avvaiyar. Mariamman Teppakulam - The tank is located at a distance of 5 km in the east of Meenakshi temple. (Nachiyar Tirumoli, 6.7, Venkatesan, 2010, 164, emphasis mine). Thus, the thesis that there is transgressive-ness in medieval Bhakti and in Andal, requires rethinking, perhaps even rejection. Madurai Meenakshi has got a parrot made of pearls. and Andal (also known as Kothai) and Rangamannar took place. If we call Meenakshi, they will echo MEENAKSHI. In contextualizing Andal and the other women poet-saints of India Archana Venkatesan too speaks of the Therigatha writings where the domestic drudgery of a womans duties becomes an effective metaphor for life as suffering. But such arguments are theoretically complicated by Arvind Sharmas study of Buddhist women who joined the Sangha. This is the only path the 12 azhwars showed us. 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