Brooks-Baker also claimed that Queen Elizabeth is related to the Prophet Mohammed. What can we reasonably expect from ageing research? The idea runs parallel with the fringe theory that the term conspiracy theory was invented by the CIA to discredit people who question media accounts of important events. For more criteria, see Trefil, James S. (1978). It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with, For what to do with a subject that does not qualify for a separate article, see. While similar to Heribert Illigs Phantom Time Hypothesis, this fringe theory by Russian mathematician Anatoly Fomenko takes the issue of time forgery to even more insane heights. [2]:183 Pseudoscience, however, is something that is not scientific but is incorrectly characterised as science. The secrecy of the shooting has spawned a series of conspiracy theories that say Todashev was assassinated by the FBI in order to keep him quiet about the Boston Marathon bombings. All of it backed up by resource, experiments and information. A significant contribution to the study of economic organization that preceded the 1930s was Frank Knight's (1965) classic treatment of Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit in 1922.Knight plainly anticipated Percy Bridgeman's counsel to social, scientists that "the principal problem in understanding the actions of men is to understand how they thinkhow their minds work . Regular consumption of these entheogens presumably enhanced the cognitive abilities of our ancestors and helped them talk and think logically. For example, Lyell D. Henry Jr. wrote that, "fringe science [is] a term also suggesting kookiness. The theory has been used to explain a wide number of medical trends, including the fact that people in developed nations suffer from more allergies, have widespread autoimmune diseases, and have a problem with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young people. Fringe science theories are often advanced by persons who have no traditional academic science background, or by researchers outside the mainstream discipline. Take Princeton economist Paul Krugman who ominously warns that: Unlike the crazy conspiracy theories of the leftwhich do exist, but are supported only by a tiny fringethe crazy conspiracy . This label does not cover theories that . For a fringe view to be discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, independent reliable sources must discuss the relationship of the two as a serious and substantial matter. McKenna based this theory mainly on his own experienceduring his lifetime, he personally indulged in numerous psychedelic substances. There are numerous reasons for these requirements. Fringe science has its basis in established science, but explores and studies areas at the very boundaries, and is often poorly funded and under-resourced. The theory continues to thrive today among some skeptics, and among believers of other religions, most notably the Ahmadiyya Muslim community. He proved in his Special Theory of Relativity that objects in motion actually do experience time differently than their stationary counterparts. First formulated in the 1960s by British marine scientist Alister Hardy, the aquatic ape theory maintains that our modern human abilities are the result of our ancestors amphibious existence. There are people who are notable enough to have articles included in Wikipedia solely on the basis of their advocacy of fringe beliefs. The research is interesting, but the theory is far from being accepted by the medical community. Rarely, fringe ideas do become accepted by 'regular' scientists. Likewise, an alleged speech by Stalin supposedly indicates that he hoped that Germanys war with Britain and France would leave the three countries exhausted, consequently making them easy pickings for the Soviets. Although fringe science is founded in established science, it explores . Category. He is presented as a person of wisdom, but disrespects his elders. In contrast, many mainstream articles do not link to articles about fringe theories. Lucky for us theres no disease that turns humans into flesh eating zombies. Examples of the latter include pseudoscience (ideas that purport to . Fringe views, products, or those who promote them, may be mentioned in the text of other articles only if independent reliable sources connect the topics in a serious and prominent way. Unlike pseudo-science, it still uses the scientific method, but is highly speculative. After exhaustively studying the case, they claimed that Gilles de Rais was truly innocenta victim of circumstantial evidence.. fringe science. The book says that Jesus was an illegitimate child who practiced heretic activities and died a shameful death. They should not be classified as pseudoscience but should still be put into context with respect to the mainstream perspective. Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell) may be treated as pseudoscience. [1] Fringe science theories are often advanced by persons who have no traditional academic science background, or by researchers outside the mainstream discipline. 4 fascinating Fringe Science theories that will blow your mind-----. Fringe theories often surround bizarre news stories, coincidences, geological features, or strange events, because when were presented with unverified speculation, we often like to investigate the topic further in an attempt to find an answer. For example, if the only references to a particular subject are in news sources, then a level of detail which is greater than that which appears in these news sources is inappropriate, because Wikipedia policy prohibits original research. Jointly these say that articles should not contain any novel analysis or synthesis, that material likely to be challenged needs a reliable source, and that all majority and significant-minority views published in reliable sources should be represented fairly and proportionately. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources in areas where they are available, but material from reliable non-academic sources may also be used in these areas. This is the principle of one-way linking for fringe theories. She is saying due to string theory people lost faith in all sciences. In the 1870s, a small number of organizations were established in Great Britain and America to support the theory. He was not identified until a group of masked men stole the body from a local funeral home. The boundary between fringe science and pseudoscience is disputed. Fringe science topics Mind Control Pyrokinesis Teleportation Psychokinesis Nanotechnology Artificial Intelligence Precognition Dark Matter Suspend Animation Cybernetics Transmogrification Hypnosis ESP Neuroscience Clairaudience Hive Mind Parallel Universes Cryonics Astral Projection Protoscience Mutation Genetic Engineering Transhumanism Bio weaponization is nothing new. In 1992, a group of scholars conducted a reenactment of the infamous trial, in order to test this theory. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. Not all pseudoscience and fringe theories are alike. According to the so-called swoon theory, Jesus had merely fainted from His injuries or drank a drug that made Him lose consciousness. A former BBC journalist named Chris Bryson has suggested the US Army downplayed the fluoride poisoning due to the fact that the chemical was a byproduct of atomic research. They possessed excellent sailing skills and built bigger ships than the ones used by Columbus. Not too long ago, we discussed how agriculture may have adversely affected human society. The ultimate conspiracy being that the United States government wouldnt admit to the negative health implications of fluoride, so instead decided to promote the chemical for public health benefits and place trace amounts in peoples drinking water. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Links to non-fringe articles in fringe articles can also help aid the reader in understanding and remove the threat of creating a walled garden. Wikipedia is also not a crystal ball: While currently accepted scientific paradigms may later be rejected, and hypotheses previously held to be controversial or incorrect sometimes become accepted by the scientific community (e.g., plate tectonics), it is not the place of Wikipedia to venture such projections. Similarly to the Christ Myth, this theory holds that the founder of Islam never existed at all. In a narrower sense, the term fringe theory is commonly used as a pejorative; it is roughly synonymous with the term pseudo . The fringe theory developed in England during the 17th century and eventually spread to the United States. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Fringe: Season 1 [Blu-ray] at the best online prices at eBay! Historians such as Robert Spencer and, more recently, Sven Muhammad Kalisch cite several historical inaccuracies that give weight to this theory. As a result, founders and believers of fringe theories often end up as objects of ridicule. They point to the fact that no identification was found on the body, and that the recorded height of the man was not consistent with Lazcanos size. The documentary concludes that certain US presidential candidates have been selected and promoted to win elections, while others are threatened, accosted, and ignored by the media. But the public is ignorant of the fact that "As science progresses from ignorance to understanding it must pass through a transitional phase of confusion and uncertainty. The aquatic ape theory states that our ancestors lived a semi-aquatic existence, inhabiting the edges of large bodies of water. Cognitive theories of psychology are focused on internal states, such as motivation, problem-solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention. Some journeyed even further, until they finally reached the Japanese islands, where they established the Shinto religion and the emperor system. There is now scientific proof for the existence of a giant primate species in North Americaa species fitting the descriptions of sasquatches (bigfoots).". The hypothesis argues that people who have better hygiene and effective medical care may have impaired regulatory T-cells. However, the theory was heavily derided in its infancy by the mainstream scientific community. Claims derived from fringe theories should be carefully attributed to an appropriate source and located within a contexte.g. After his death, the body of Jesus is stolen from his grave, but eventually recovered by the authorities. Since the Shadow Robot Company sounds like a front for an evil organization hell bent on taking over the world, we assume the hand might also be used to strangle any adversaries of the companys managing director, Rich Walker. "[6] This characterization is perhaps inspired by the eccentric behavior of many researchers of the kind known colloquially (and with considerable historical precedent) as mad scientists. Little is known about the true origin of the Toledot, but many feel it was circulated orally before being put into various literary forms. Game theory: John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern, 1944 (with important embellishments from John Nash in the 1950s) Developed for economics, where it has had some successes, game theory. To fight the cold temperature, their bodies eventually became covered with subcutaneous fat. If an article is written about a well-known topic about which many peer-reviewed articles are written, it should not include fringe theories that may seem relevant but are only sourced to obscure texts that lack peer review. [3] Other examples include conspiracy theories and esoteric claims about medicine. Here are the top ten fringe sciences and theories that could become mainstream in your lifetime: Fringe Sciences: Cybernetics Source: Alpha Coders Cybernetics is the study and re-creation of control systems (the nervous system, the brain, and mechanical-electrical communication systems). ", Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science, The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fringe_science&oldid=1148162414, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2010, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from June 2022, Articles with AV media file bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 13:05. Supposedly, Franklin felt Jews wouldnt integrate into society and would undermine the Christian faith. Wikipedia is not a forum for presenting new ideas, for countering any systemic bias in institutions such as academia, or for otherwise promoting ideas which have failed to merit attention elsewhere. Acceptance of new science can come slowly. For example, in the article about Bigfoot, a verifiably attributed and accurately preserved quotation might take the following form: The Bigfoot Field Researchers Association has stated, "Scientists from various disciplines put the most compelling sasquatch evidence to the test. Brooks-Baker traced the lineage of 33 US presidents back to Alfred the Great and Charlemagne. [2] For writers and editors of Wikipedia articles to write about controversial ideas in a neutral manner, it is of vital importance that they simply restate what is said by independent secondary sources of reasonable reliability and quality. Fringe science may be either a questionable application of a scientific approach to a field of study or an approach whose status as scientific is widely questioned.. For mainstream scientists, attributes of . Jeffrey Amherst, infamous racist douchebag, goes down in history for giving Native Americans blankets covered in smallpox germs to Extirpate this Execrable Race.. In 2002, the Franklin Prophecy was mentioned by Osama Bin Laden in his Letter to the American People. Many aspects of the theory point to a clear forgery and hoax. Additionally, the topic must satisfy general notability guidelines: the topic must receive significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject. Once the cameras are on, Bushs demeanor changes completely. While undoubtedly outlandish, this was by no means the only crazy evolutionary theory about our ancestors. Second, His disciples took away His body quickly, and prepared His burial in secret. For example, the Book of Genesis itself should be primarily covered as a work of ancient literature, as part of the Hebrew or Christian Bible, or for its theological significance, rather than as a cosmological theory. In the wake of the crisis, a large number of people in Donora got cancer. He was also familiar with explosives and grenade-launchers. The main purveyor of the theory was Aristotle, who based his studies on the ideas of thinkers like Anaximander, Hippolytus, and Anaxagoras, all of whom stressed the ways in which life could spontaneously come into being from inanimate matter like slime, mud, and earth when exposed to sunlight. However, a lack of consideration or acceptance does not necessarily imply rejection, either; ideas should not be portrayed as rejected or carry negative labels such as pseudoscience unless such claims can be documented in reliable sources. A conjecture that has not received critical review from the scientific community or that has been rejected may be included in an article about a scientific subject only if other high-quality reliable sources discuss it as an alternative position. Fringe science is an inquiry in an established field of study which departs significantly from mainstream theories in that field and is considered to be questionable by the mainstream.. "but restraint should be used with such qualifiers to avoid giving the appearance of an overly harsh or overly critical assessment. Unfortunately, The FBI has sealed all documents in the case, so it is impossible to determine what really happened. If no independent reliable sources connect a particular fringe theory to a mainstream subject, there should not even be a link through a see also section, lest the article serve as a coatrack. He was an acquaintance of the Boston Marathon bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev, and was killed while being questioned about the bombing and a triple homicide that occurred in Waltham, Massachusetts, on the evening of September 11, 2011. "An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.". Inclusion and exclusion of content related to fringe theories and criticism of fringe theories may be done by means of a rough parity of sources. In the film, Al Gore can be seen being taught how to avoid questions on abortion and Pat Robertson makes derogatory comments about gay people. Notability can be determined by considering whether there are enough reliable and independent sources that discuss the person in a serious and extensive manner, taking care also to avoid the pitfalls that can appear when determining the notability of fringe theories themselves. If proper attribution cannot be found among reliable sources of an idea's standing, it should be assumed that the idea has not received consideration or acceptance; ideas should not be portrayed as accepted unless such claims can be documented in reliable sources. Alternative theoretical formulations from within the scientific community are not pseudoscience, but part of the scientific process. Notable perspectives which are primarily non-scientific in nature but which contain claims concerning scientific phenomena should not be treated exclusively as scientific theory and handled on that basis. The Magna Carta is considered a forebear of the Constitution of the United States. In 2013, a study was published revealing that no physical health effects have been observed among the Japanese public because of the radiation. Other considerations for notability should be considered as well. Despite the news, the US and Mexican governments put a bounty of $7 million on Lazcanos head, and in 2012 he was shot and killed by the Mexican Navy. Many encyclopedic topics can be evaluated from a number of different perspectives, and some of these perspectives may make claims that lack verification in research, that are inherently untestable, or that are pseudoscientific. The quote should only be included if it can be contextualized in a verifiable and neutral sense as a point of view of the Bigfoot Field Researchers Association and not necessarily a factual statement. For example, since the universal scientific view is that perpetual motion is impossible, any purported perpetual motion mechanism (e.g. However, there are at least two caveats: not every identified subject matter has its own academic specialization, and the opinion of a scholar whose expertise is in a different field should not be given undue weight. Be careful not to use in-text attribution carelessly to imply that only the named sources would agree. At first, Hardouin named the Benedictines as the main culprits behind the forgeries. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Particularly harsh criticism should be attributed"Philosopher A. C. Grayling dismisses intelligent design as 'a little driblet of childish ignorance; a mark of mankind's infancy'"while simple facts"humans and chimpanzees evolved from a common ancestor"are best left stated simply as facts rather than recast as opinions. It can be an unverified hypothesis, historical hoax, or pseudoscientific discovery. Wikipedia is not and must not become the validating source for non-significant subjects, and it is not a forum for original research. The threshold for whether a topic should be included in Wikipedia as an article is generally covered by notability guidelines. Economics . This feat was verified by sailor Philip Beale. He then used the videos to create the 1995 documentary titled Spin. While its true that fringe theories generally sound crazy to conventional-thinking people, some are backed by just enough evidence (or convincing arguments) to almost make us wonder if its all real. Discussion of mainstream ideas should be sourced from reliable mainstream sources. Fringe est une srie tlvise amricaine de science-fiction et d'horreur en cent pisodes de 42 minutes co-cre par J. J. Abrams, Alex Kurtzman et Roberto Orci et diffuse entre le 9 septembre 2008 et le 18 janvier 2013 sur le rseau Fox et en simultan au Canada sur /A\ [2] (avec quelques pisodes sur CTV [3]) pour les deux premires saisons, puis sur Citytv [4]. Attempts by inventors and adherents to artificially inflate the perceived renown of their fringe theories, such as sock puppetry in AfD discussions, are prohibited. Bush can be seen having a private conversation with Larry King about the drug Halcion (about 6:20 in the above video). Fringe theories should be discussed in context; uncontroversial ideas may need to be referred to in relation to fringe theories. Wikipedia is meant to be a tertiary source of information, summarizing the information gleaned from secondary sources, and in some cases from primary sources.

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