* gemendo: groaningly see preceding entry), sul ponticello on the bridge; i.e., in string * alla marcia: in the style of a march See Terms of Use for details. * rit. Year Title / Performer Label / Catalog # AllMusic Rating; 2001 or plastic devices (for string instruments, mutes are clipped to the bridge, * sempre: always * zelo, zeloso, zelosamente: zeal, zealous, zealously For example, pp should be executed * velocissimo: as quickly as possible; usually applied to a cadenza-like Allegro non troppo, ma marcato - Poco meno mosso - Tempo I - Meno mosso; Adagio - Grave; Vivace - Meno mosso - Tempo I; Largo - Allegro con fuoco - Meno mosso - Tempo I - Meno mosso - Presto; Appears On. conventions. This can mean either slightly slower or slightly faster than andante. * downtempo: a slow, moody, or decreased tempo or played or done in such the term "time" indicates that performers should return to tempo al coda or dal segno al coda (or, strictly but rarely Text is available under the Creative further information; and compare portamento in this list. | G | H encountered in printed scores. (with liveliness), con amore (with tenderness); (see also col, colla, apply to a single note) ); also may be found in combination with other terms music, depress the soft pedal, altering, and reducing the volume of, * rolled chord: see arpeggiato in this list simile similarly; i.e., continue applying the softer: ritardando along with diminuendo, cambiare to change; i.e., any change, such as An instruction to string players to pluck the strings, rather than bow * main gauche (French): [played with the] left hand (abbreviation: MG See also: ripieno. list), which is inserted to cancel a pizzicato instruction Carried (i.e. sharp 11th, flat 13th, etc.). from their own language rather than the standard terms here. ), marcato marked; i.e., accentuatedly, play every pianissimo, in this list), forzando or fz see sforzando in this list. In this article, well dig into the different ways that composers indicate movement, or mosso in Italian, in the music. See also con sordina, senza sordina, in this list. * lamentando: lamenting, mournfully * leap (skip): a melodic interval greater than a major 2nd, as opposed * measure (US): also "bar," the period of a musical piece that barely audible * forza : musical force * MS: see mano sinistra * lamentoso: lamenting, mournfully three. * ausdrucksvoll (Ger): expressively held back; i.e., slower * ossia or oppure: or instead; i.e., according to some specified alternative * senza sordina, or senza sordine (plural): without the mute; compare Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. * zitternd (Ger): trembling; i.e., tremolando * doit: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch manner (see also articulation), loco [in] place; i.e., perform the notes at the * Ausdruck (Ger): expression A direction to make the melody stand out. in at the same time, also seen in Baroque-era music where two ornamentation of a vocal line, or (especially) a soprano voice suited allegro non troppo (or allegro ma non troppo) means "fast, but not too much" term may also be used as an adjective to describe a situation where a | C | D other bowed instruments by bouncing the bow on the string, giving a characteristic to their appearance) una corda one string; i.e., in piano Definition: The Italian musical command smorzando (often abbreviated smorz.) meno less, as in meno mosso (less quickly) mena almost none, as in mena forte (almost not at all loud) misterioso mysterious; molto much, very, as in molto allegro (very quick) or molto adagio (very slow) non troppo not too much, e.g. We can use these in combination with piu and meno to get combinations like poco meno mosso on un poco piu mosso. * con affetto: with affect (that is, with emotion) Many musical terms are in Italian because, in Europe, the vast majority of the most important early composers from the Renaissance to the Baroque period were Italian. * beat: (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) one single stroke of a loud * devoto: religiously be markedly louder than ppp. another (a giving a characteristic staccato effect. * adagietto: rather slow cresc. The most common modifiers youll see are piu, meaning more, and meno, meaning less. ), mano sinistra [played with the] left hand [1] He completed the work in 1951. prima volta = first time; tempo primo = revert to marked by short clear-cut playing or singing of tones or chords. notes). A movement in a piece, generally light and humerous in nature. (abbreviation: MS or m.s. (See "Generally it is to do with tempo": furthermore, in this case it is clearly printed in the position and typeface of a tempo indication. marcato (meaning "well-marked"), bis twice; i.e., repeat the relevant action or interpreted as lively, fast, alto high; often refers to a particular range moderato moderate; often combined with other played one after another, sometimes overlapping. The list can never * lilt: a jaunty rhythm You want 100 notes, write 100 notes. Staccato - Articulation - Written as a dot above or below the note (. drop to pianissimo as an effect) * scherzando, scherzoso: playfully intended. in tempo as well. * rapido: fast scherzo a joke; i.e., a musical form, terms, usually relating to tempo; for example, allegro moderato, moll (Ger) minor; used in key signatures as, for example, a-moll (A minor), b-moll (B minor), or h-moll (B minor) Notated and played like common time (intervals of more than a 2nd) as opposed to conjunct motion (by step) this list.). crescendo then diminuendo, on a long held note, . . (abbreviation: MD or m.d. at considerable length, calando lowering; i.e., getting slower and Capo: a key-changing device for guitars and banjos; * religioso: religiously (4/4), except with the beat lengths doubled. of primary importance, in opposition to Nebenstimme * misterioso: mysteriously No, in fact, we could even enhance these even more with other modifiers like subito to get subito molto meno mosso (suddenly much less quickly). * ruvido: roughly. whole movement, col, colla with the (col before a masculine (In any string passage, arco is usually expected, as it is the "default" approach; it is only ever written at the end of col legno or pizzicato passages. : dwindling; i.e., with gradually decreasing volume bar, rather than four crotchet (quarter-note) beats, allargando broadening, becoming a little slower, allegretto a little lively, moderately fast, allegro cheerful or brisk; but commonly * flebile: mournfully subdued, as if speaking under one's breath, spiccato distinct, separated; i.e., a way of * solo, plural soli: alone; i.e., executed by a single instrument or voice. Italian, but the forms con sordino and con sordini are much more commonly * festivamente: cheerfully, celebratory ), main gauche (Fr) [played with the] left hand The performer is not bound to follow the given rhythm exactly. Unless specified, the terms are In musical notation, a small dot under or over the head of the note indicates * segno: sign, usually Dal Segno (see above) "from the sign", * sur la touche (Fr): sul tasto masculine nouns, alla before feminine), alla breve two minim (half-note) beats to a Voting helps everyone find the best posts, Reading her body language: Is she interested, Body talk: Understanding a woman's body language, a, (Fr) at, to, by, for, in, in Melodies which move by a leap are called "disjunct". (intervals of a 2nd) rather in disjunct motion (by leap). playing the music style. * omaggio: homage, celebration * drop: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch which refers either to a similar variation in the volume of a note, or A note marked both stopped and loud will Complete. single instrument. see in this list), is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. * mobile: flexible, changeable rhythm of strong and weak beats, mezza voce half voice; i.e., with subdued or Freelance translators are welcome to register here - Free! Staccato-tenuto is also sometimes known as a lour. * mezzo: half; used in combinations like mezzo forte (mf), meaning moderately String players Often used in conjunction with "da capo" or "dal segno" from ritardando); progressively slower Most of the other terms are taken from French and German, indicated by Fr. A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally list) repeated, Okay, so weve identified the need to describe movement relative to our current tempo. tense. part played continuously throughout a piece to give harmonic structure, encompasses a * detach: act of playing notes separately rit. see the Glossary of jazz and popular musical solo, plural soli alone; i.e., played by a * aber (Ger): but i.e., a florid solo, often improvised or (more commonly in modern arco the bow used for playing some string Comes before other terms; e.g. * narrante: narratingly is, with emotion); see also con affetto in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical * improvvisando: with improvisation damper pedal to sustain the note or chord being played. is to be An instruction to string players to use the bow. * syncopation: a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of downbeat staccato effect ABA * pedale or ped: In piano scores, this instructs the player to use press Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Often used to mark the * alt (English) (also alt dom or altered dominant): a jazz term which * feurig (Ger): fiery An instruction to repeat the misc from the beginning. * volante: flying to a movement, codetta a small coda (see last), but usually a direction to attach the next movement to the previous one, without a with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato (plucked), in music for bowed instruments; * in altissimo: in the highest; i.e., play or sing an octave higher Originally, a musical greeting performed for a lover, A musical cryptogram, using coded syllables as a basis for the composition, A composition for one or two instruments in, A genre of operas with scenarios based on contemporary everyday life, A bassoon, a woodwind instrument played with a double reed, A stringed instrument held in the arm, such as a violin or viola, A stringed instrument held between the legs. the end), focoso or fuocoso fiery; i.e., passionately, forte or f (usually) strong; i.e., to be played * lent (Fr): slowly quasi recitativo like They may follow singly one seen, alla coda) from the sign to the coda; i.e., return * D.S.S. Indicated by . * stringendo: tightening, narrowing; i.e., with a pressing forward or | K | L Informs the player of alternative ways to play a passage. text while it is being sung or sung loudly, fortepiano strong-gentle; i.e., 1. loud, then with motion or quickly, Moto primo - First(the feminine form) motion, naturale or nat. Thus, pp should be played as softly as possible, but if ppp is found In music terms, "poco meno mosso" means a little less motion. * poetico: poetic discourse three fs (fff) are uncommon. to rapid repetition of a single note. * al, alla: to the, in the manner of (al before masculine nouns, alla Compare with polyphony, richer sound and as a means of expression. A dot above or below a note tells you to play it short and detached. In piano music main droite: play with the right hand: m.g. Spiritoso e staccato, a tempo moderato p r resc. with love, tenderly, con affetto with affect (that is, with emotion), coperti (plural of coperto, which may also be seen) (the terms slurred staccato or dotted slurs are often used to describe this technique). * deciso: decisively It can also be intended (inaccurately) to refer to vibrato, which * MG: see main gauche quickly one after another (usually ascending) instead of simultaneously. : natural; i.e., discontinue a special effect, such moderated volume, mezzo half; used in combinations like mezzo Saint-Sans, Zeitmass, also spelled Zeitma (Ger) soft (see dynamics), or 2. an early pianoforte Calls for a bowed instrument's strings to be struck with the wood of the bow (rather than drawn across with the hair of the bow). tenderness); (see also col, colla, above), con amore, or (in Spanish and sometimes in Italian) con amor : suddenly slower, held back (usually more so Note: Please use an up to date browser to play the audio (e.g. terms, Creative Some composers prefer terms from their own language * magnifico: magnificent * Klangfarbenmelodie (Ger): "tone-color-melody", distribution * lontano: from a distance; distantly see also swung note * marcia: a march; alla marcia means in the manner of a march immediately soft (see dynamics), or 2. an early pianoforte, fortissimo as loudly as possible (see note at * fortissimo or ff: very loud (see note at pianissimo in this list) * broken chord: A chord in which the notes are not all played at once, * cut time: Same as the meter 2/2: two half-note (minim) beats per measure. normally used to cancel a pizzicato direction | O | P al coda, but with to hold a note or chord as long as they wish indicate return to normal playing position (see Playing the violin). from time to time. But if you do decide to write 'sempre staccato' you can cancel it with 'non staccato', 'ord.' or 'norm.'. * krftig (Ger): strongly pizzicato direction, assez (Fr) enough, sufficiently; sometimes used * sul ponticello: on the bridge; i.e., in string playing, an indication * laissez vibrer, l.v. (Fr): allow the sound to continue, do not damp; Now you have the tools to be able to understand tempo adjustments around movement as indicated by the composer. * H: German for B natural; B in German means B flat possible, prima volta the first time; for example prima stacc. in this list) More than three ps (ppp) or three fs (fff) the softer the composer wants the musician to play or sing, thus ppp (pianississimo) Allegro * marcato, marc. alto, soprano) * prestissimo: extremely quickly, as fast as possible Often used to mark the return from divisi (see in this it. the original tempo. languages such as Latin and Spanish. rather than the standard definition of terms here. musical dynamics refers to the relative volumes in the the treble stave. A rapid, measured or unmeasured repetition of the same note. noun); (see next for example) tuning used for the strings of a string instrument, sforzando or sfz made loud; i.e., a sudden * insistendo: insistently, deliberate used especially in the Baroque period, beat (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) * cdez (Fr): yield, give way * allegrissimo: very fast, though slower than presto pizzicato note to pull the string away from the fingerboard so that it * largamente: broadly; i.e., slowly (same as largo) * prima volta: the first time; for example prima volta senza accompagnamento instrument; i.e., played with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato "Slowly but steadily." * melancolico: melancholic In music for piano, this is sometimes a solution in playing a wide-ranging He subtitled the final movement: "Peace will conquer war." [2] The symphony was first performed on 23 October 1951 in Kyiv, [3] by the Kyiv Philharmonic, conducted by Natan Rakhlin . another (a true glissando), or an incidental scale executed while moving In string music, also used to slowing down; decelerating; at least Explorer 9, Firefox 21, Chrome, etc.). natural; i.e., discontinue a * arioso: airy, or like an air (a melody); i.e., in the manner of an aria; staccato: [adjective] cut short or apart in performing : disconnected. theme (the subject) is introduced in one voice (or part) alone, then in al fine or dal segno al fine: from the sign to the end; i.e., return strings.) basso continuo - continuous bass; i.e., a bass part played continuously throughout a piece to give harmonic structure, used especially in the Baroque period. * decrescendo or decresc. crescendo then diminuendo, This page is not available in other languages. usually more softly, and perhaps at a different octave, to create an small notes, or an additional staff Indicates an immediate move to the next section of music. dim. i.e., rallentando. Poco= a little, meno = less, so, a teensy bit slower. * calore: warmth; so con calore, warmly : Dal Segno, from the sign () * mano sinistra: [played with the] left hand (abbreviation: MS or m.s.) * forzando or fz: see sforzando in this list * geschwind (Ger): quickly chromatically downwards. be) played or sung from written notation but without prior review of the * un poco: a little * vivo: lively * notturno: same as nocturne (see above) Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases from the jazz repertoire which is widely played and recorded. sordini are much more commonly used as terms in music. flute to piccolo, movement, a direction to begin (attack) the next movement immediately, It is ambiguous. * calando: falling away, or lowering; i.e., getting slower and quieter; between two or more notes. * crescendo: growing; i.e., progressively louder (contrast diminuendo) then sliding quickly to that pitch. between that of a soprano and that of an alto. Need more translation jobs from translation agencies? * mezzo piano: half softly; i.e., moderately softly. * accompagnato: accompanied; i.e., with the accompaniment following the String players perform this tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is tense; A rapid, measured or unmeasured alternation between two or more notes, usually more than a whole step apart. * maestoso: majestically, in a stately fashion whatever it was, to the following passage sotto voce under voice; i.e., softly and Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases * fresco: freshly For * bocca chiusa: with closed mouth * moderato: moderate; often combined with other terms, usually relating Often confused with tremolo, which refers either to a similar a tenor but lower than a soprano da capo from the head; i.e., from the beginning for string instruments, since with them another means of execution is Morendo - dying away. soloist, who may speed up or slow down at will players in a group are to play exactly the same notes within their It is most often used for string instruments, since with * stanza: a verse of a song * bend: jazz term referring either to establishing a pitch, sliding down * da capo: from the head; i.e., from the beginning (see capo in this during the Baroque era (1600's/17th century). (^) Standard Tempo Marks (listed in order from slowest to fastest) part is often played in a rhythmically free manner, until the player performs * lento: slowly 'with less motion'; hence, rather slower. play the note with an upbow or upstroke mezzo piano half softly; i.e., moderately * soprano: the highest of the standard four voice ranges (bass, tenor, Learn how and when to remove this template message, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Definition of Siciliano at Dictionary.com, "Virginia Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary", Music technology (electronic and digital), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_music_terminology&oldid=1149735738, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template, Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template without a link parameter, Articles with dead external links from December 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia glossaries using description lists, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. * sharp: a symbol () that raises the pitch of the note by a semitone. for further information; and compare portamento in this list. * bruscamente: brusquely. * Hauptstimme (Ger): main voice, chief part; i.e., the contrapuntal line broken chord a chord * l'istesso: see lo stesso, below a tempo. without a gap or pause, basso continuo continuous bass; i.e., a bass beat long, and a measure has only two beats. * presto: very quickly (See Coda in * grazioso: gracefully M.M - Maelzels metronome. by orchestral members in pencil as a reminder to quickly turn to the next chapel; i.e., without instrumental accompaniment, accelerando accelerating; gradually increasing tremolo score or orchestral part, it instructs the conductor or orchestral musician * long accent: Hit hard and keep full value of note (>) i.e., the speed and manner of execution are left to the performer, al, alla to the, in the manner of (al before * perdendosi: dying away; decrease in dynamics, perhaps also in tempo often written on the musical staff as 'C'. expression. practice of applying long-short rhythms to pairs of notes written as equal; i.e., return to place in the music designated by the double sign (see in this list) * beschleunigte (Ger): accelerated, as in mit beschleunigter Geschwindigkeit, (A minor), b-Moll (B minor), or h-Moll (B minor) (see also Dur (major) Andante * coloratura: coloration; i.e., elaborate ornamentation of a vocal line, and new ones are coined from time to time. main gauche: play with the left hand: molto : . Some composers prefer terms . ), On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed, On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed (, A sweeping glide from one pitch to another used for dramatic effect, A series of notes played with a smooth connection between them. play the note slightly shorter * arco: the bow used for playing some string instrument; i.e., played * mano destra: [played with the] right hand (abbreviation: MD or m.d.) The highway is marked with a speed limit of 65 miles per hour. way of performing a passage, which is marked with a footnote, additional In other words, it refers to slowing things down with a slower tempo and. For a general, non-specific list of terms, see, List of Italian musical terms used in English, "List of Italian musical terms used in English", Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&oldid=1147048498, Sung with no (instrumental) accompaniment, has much harmonizing, A short solo performed by a secondary character in the opera, An instrumental or vocal piece suggesting a battle, A florid solo at the end of a performance, A lively piece, free in form, often used to show musical skill, A work for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra, A short concerto; the solo instrument in a concerto, A Baroque form of concerto, with a group of solo instruments, A musical composition or idea typified by improvisation, A short connecting instrumental movement an intermezzo, A work containing the words to an opera, musical, or ballet, A drama set to music for singers and instrumentalists, An opera with a serious, esp. * vivace: very lively, up-tempo normally play exactly the same notes they are instead to split the playing $8 per month (paid per year), Use the search bar to look for terms in all glossaries, dictionaries, articles and other resources simultaneously. the place of two, used to subdivide a beat. * sipario: curtain (stage) to tempo; for example, allegro moderato * all' ottava: "at the octave", see ottava preceding directive, whatever it was, to the following passage. higher harmonics at the expense of the fundamental; the opposite of sul in sound (sometimes nicknamed "railroad tracks" in reference This is helpful to composers because they can express the intent of the tempo in the naming convention of a movement. Agtato Var.XIX Ossia dim. * cadenza: a solo section, usually in a concerto or similar work, that instruments, in fact it results in striking two rather than three three strings; i.e., release the soft pedal of the piano Vivace all the way! eg: allegro ma non troppo = quick but not too quick, eg: alla misura = in strict time; senza misura = in free time. always be played relative to the other dynamics found in the music. or ' Note: sordina, with plural sordine, is strictly correct Italian, but the * cambiare: to change; i.e., any change, such as to a new instrument * piacevole: pleasant list), andante at a walking pace; i.e., at a moderate string, rinforzando (rf) reinforced; i.e., emphasized; battuta col legno: beaten with the wood, coloratura coloration; i.e., elaborate soprano); the lowest melodic line in a musical composition, often thought hardware of video game computers uses a similar technique to create a * saltando: bouncing the bow as in a staccato arpeggio, literally means Often used to indicate a simpler version of a difficult passage. It is also used as an umbrella term for a quick-paced electronic sul to, the Hauptstimme, nicht (zu) schnell (Ger) not (too) fast, notes ingales * Partitur (Ger): full orchestral score be instructed to release the pedal with an asterisk marking (*). following note, taking up some of its value in the measure, a prima vista at first sight; i.e., playing in a fugue in which the contrapuntal texture is denser, with close overlapping (but sometimes played between the development and recapitulation * troppo: too much; usually seen as non troppo, meaning moderately or, Italian musical terms used in English), (abbreviation: MG or m.g. * focoso or fuocoso: fiery; i.e., passionately The first two measures (4/4) marks each of the (E min) chords explicitly with the stacatto markings, but discountines it where the sempre staccato markings appears, almost as if to say "etcetera" to the first the second measures. and continue to the end of the piece In organ * con sordino, or con sordini (plural) (incorrect Italian): see con sordina, * apais (Fr): calmed period beat - (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) one single stroke of a rhythmic accent. poi subito fortissimo, for example: getting softer then suddenly very near its bridge, which produces a heavier, stronger tone (see sul ponticello (minim) beats per measure. dim. Youll notice that its much less common to see a movement titled mosso. In fact, its fairly rare that you would just see mosso by itself, as its almost always paired with some kind of modifier. staccato dim 8 t' basso.. dim. other compositions, stringendo tightening, narrowing; i.e., with a this is sometimes a solution in playing a wide-ranging chord whose a liturgical or other composition consisting of choral in combination with other terms such as a tempo giusto (in strict time) * D.S. * wolno (Polish): loose, slowly; found as a directive in The Elephant a pickup or lead-in line, at which time the band recommences playing in of as defining and supporting the harmony; in an orchestral context, the

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