The implications of the return of the Rajapaksas in 2019 (Gotabaya as president and his brother Mahinda as prime minister) remain to be seen. To the north, Central Asia is far less populous but has its own challenges and opportunities. Produced by Johns Hopkins University Press in collaboration with The Sheridan Libraries. ~DJ5$^iG(2A9Li!QsS}%4q)bL)|uH9oa^mMR'mrWPxxtIj%hR,KZeIv!ho;qJ`qkP2EjcS+q/&r2&1)+Eu _vw"@|-g:ne7*7 r;. -- Volume 26, Number 1, April 2011, Editorial Board From 2002 to 2006, there was a ceasefire before brief, ill-fated negotiations that collapsed back into pitched warfare. After devastating climate-change-fueled floods submerged one-third of the country this year, itsoutlook remains subject to significant uncertainty. To learn more about cookies, click here. As commonly conceptualised, South Asia consists of the countries Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with Afghanistan also often included.. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian subcontinent and defined First, there has been a sizable internal security buildup in India over the last two decades. It emerges amid growing water crises in many regions, which have come to constitute a global crisis. Yet there are reasons to be cautious in concluding that there has been an irreversible transformation. India and Pakistan continue to heavily garrison areas of insurgency, regardless of violence levels. South Asia is densely populated and immensely diverse. These approaches to therapy are difficult to translate across language and cultures without appropriate modification. Riots between Hindu and Muslim groups in India killed over a thousand people in 2002. Issues like water scarcity, poverty, food insecurity, resource depletion, climate change, environmental degradation, inadequacy of health services, and so forth directly affect millions of South Asians. -- Volume 23, Number 1, April 2008, Editorial Board -- Volume 36, Number 2, July 2021, Editorial Board India and the international community have put sustained pressure on Pakistan to reduce its support for militants and terrorists. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Like most international sporting events, the World Nomad Games also serve as a political forum. wL/O0jG&rR>w y]YO_W! ;Kw6A?KFkdfA&A67iug!~W\?mnbydk1KS1YQzsL0]|m It is seen that modernization, democratization, political ideologies and emergence of mass societies threatened the personal and collective identities and the advancement in information systems have sustained peoples struggles against the dominant world view of the State and elites. -- Volume 34, Number 1, March 2019, Editorial Board WebGet Access SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. HTMk1tFO(cIJc% This in turn affects social cohesion and gender equality in the region. The discussion has implications for developing treatment and -- Volume 32, Number 2, July 2017, Editorial Board 0000007388 00000 n The governments of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanthe three richest and most populous countries in the regionwill also transition their languages away from the Russian Cyrillic script to Englishs Latin alphabet by 2025. -- Volume 30, Number 2, July 2015, Editorial Board In Sri Lanka, the period of victory over the LTTE and its aftermath saw autocratization under the rule of the Rajapaksa family, a trend that changed when a new government came to power in 2015. Despite this heterogeneity, several possible sources of recurring insurgency can be identified, even in an era of increased state power. -- Volume 37, Number 1, March 2022, Editorial Board World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. Social taboos run deep in every region, state, There are various currents of social movements, today, across the region, which have become strengthened and highly vocal over last three decades. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. In India and Sri Lanka, mob violence and vigilantism have occurred with the connivance or tacit neglect of leading political parties. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, anti-state rebellions were an endemic feature of South Asias political landscape. 0000043115 00000 n Instead, mob violence has become a more persistent concern than rebellion. Source: World Nomad Games 2018 / R.Iliasov. This could lead to more awareness of the diversity of mental health conditions and knowledge on how to seek help and resources within their communities. This unpredictability makes it at least conceivable that there could be renewed efforts by states to support rebellions in strategic areas. -- Volume 32, Number 1, March 2017, Editorial Board The main reason is the general scarcity of two critical resources essential to the development and implementation of such policies: capital and technology. A silent mental health crisis exists among South Asian communities. Job Discrimination Since the end of the Korean War, the Korean economy -- Volume 36, Number 1, March 2021, Editorial Board Extreme climate-related events - heatwaves, storms, floods, fires and droughts - affect more than half of the region's population every year and continue to burden South Asian countries economies. Three states have populations of over one hundred million people. The poverty rate among immigrant Asian minors those under the age of 18 was slightly higher, at 16%. Tamil militancy had been a fact of life in Sri Lanka since the 1970s, with the LTTE coming to dominate the insurgency. Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan have three of the worlds four largest Muslim populations. 63 30 0000001364 00000 n I also started @Braincoach, an Instagram stream to share my science-based knowledge. India and Pakistan account for 86 percent of the regions total population and, along with Bangladesh, rank among the worlds ten largest countries by population. Globally, research on social movements reveals relatively more insights from European and Latin American studies than that of the Global South, particularly from the south Asian countries. Yet, in some countries, ideas about gender are evolving. University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA. Third, even noninsurgent violence has the potential to spiral into broader conflict. Central Asian Society Drifts From Soviet Past, National Cultures Put on Display at Central Asian World Nomad Games, Central Asian Migration to Russia Brings Money, Social Problems. 0000001688 00000 n It is home to one-quarter of the worlds population spread over just 7 percent of the worlds landmass. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Annika and Nehal from the That Desi Spark podcast formerly known as The Woke Desi say they began their In general, state coercive capacity across the region has increased, with escalating security force budgets and manpower facilitated by both formal laws and informal practices that give substantial leeway to the state. -- Volume 33, Number S, 2018, Editorial Board Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Indias first prime minister, served as prime minister for almost sixteen nonconsecutive years and was a powerful force in Indian politics for decades. The TAF2020 exercise highlighted six important ways in which Asia is changing, and where we need to apply all of our resources, analytical skills, partnership Its massive fan base spans Africa, Central Asia, the Middle East, and even across the border in Pakistan. The resulting squeeze on real income is severe, particularly for the regions poor who spend a large share of their income on food. But mental health is deeply stigmatized in many South Asian communities and symptoms are often trivialized. Beginning at a young age, girls in the region are sometimes excluded entirely from education. WebThis paper attempts to explain the social and political issues confronting South Asia today. With the end of Cold War, social movement discourse of south Asia has been featured with identity-based movements, and it became more apparent after the emergence of non-state activism in the region. While the true number of conflict-related fatalities is difficult to ascertain, all indications suggest a sustained and quite dramatic drop in conflict-related fatalities in the Northeast. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. South Asians in Canada have reported some of the highest mental health issues this year. Such large populations, especially when concentrated in small areas, present specific challenges: natural disasters have a potentially more devastating effect, and disease can spread quicker. The legal system grants substantial latitude to internal security forces, which limits checks on state power, and informal practices add to this autonomy. All rights reserved. -- Volume 34, Number 3, November 2019, Editorial Board 0000002159 00000 n 1 On the edges of South Asia, Myanmar sees a broadly similar patternthough important insurgencies continue, a patchwork project of ceasefires combined with ongoing state repression has forged a degree of ugly stability in areas of enduring conflict. Pursuing goals that diverge from the expectations of the family and community is perceived to be selfish. In a number of cases, a self-sustaining, pro-state political order remains distant, and the security apparatus is instead needed to deter or contain resistance. Pakistans counterinsurgency successes have been accompanied by the militarys enduring political power and serious limits on rights. There is a fundamental difference between a context in which security forces are targeted (even with only rare success) and those in which no one is interested in attacking the state. Deaths from Diarrheal Diseases. Figure 5 shows trends in V-Dems Liberal Democracy index since 2000 (higher numbers indicate greater liberal democracy). In functional terms, India could be compared to the European Union. Bangladesh is especially dense, with over 160 million people living in an area the size of Iowa. Happily, however, the Sino-Indian relations are on an The gap between promise and reality is widest in this region. 0000007939 00000 n From 2006 to 2009, government forces and the LTTE waged an extremely intense, mostly conventional conflict with extensive human rights abuses. Despite the history of female leadership in the region, many women in South Asia face significant challenges throughout their entire lives. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. The Indian Army also has an important presence in J&K and the Northeast, contributing to a vast security footprint that can suppress insurgent violence. -- Volume 34, Number 2, July 2019, Editorial Board In the first decade of the 2000s, both Nepal and Sri Lanka grappled with major insurgencies. Unlike other regions of the world, many of South Asias most powerful leaders have been and are women; however, a majority of these women come from political dynasties. The second is in Indias Northeast, the site of numerous revolts since the 1950s. This means that many western-trained therapists may find it difficult to comprehend the deeply ingrained cultural nuances of South Asian communities. In this context, this essay explores whether and how there is contestation in the south Asian social movements. This success is usually chalked up to the central government striking a delicate balance of state autonomy and national unity. HMk1+tLDiB;;lbCKrVb5;zL3W=~,PA+h~={|7bem]}274(gHR/f5>0DT|[iJ)%EkllWF4o6#2mKTk5Wu#kN8I*bP"P3/@G (cP Performance & security by Cloudflare. There is not a clear partisan dynamic in these changes. This has not been a seamless process, and there have been various forms of political violence and conflict since the end of the civil war, but the war has nevertheless decisively ended. Immigrants from Mexico (7%) and Central America (11%) were the least likely to have a bachelors or higher. The three big issues facing East Asia | World Economic Forum The third is a sprawling belt in central and eastern India where various Maoist insurgent groups (known as Naxalites) have been operating for decades. endstream endobj 74 0 obj <> endobj 75 0 obj <> endobj 76 0 obj <>stream Such non-state violence is often not waged against the state or political system, but instead is used as a bloody tool of social control and political maneuvering. One way to do this is to ask mental health experts to host community workshops specifically for South Asian communities. At the same time, violence in Karachi, insurgency in Balochistan, and sectarian militia activities added further layers of violence to Pakistans political landscape. Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent this year - a downward revision of 1 percentage point from the forecast made in June. Asians are less likely than Americans overall to live in poverty (10% vs. 13% as of 2019). Across all South Asian countries, patriarchal values and social norms tend to privilege men and boys access to opportunities and control over resources. These inequalities are manifested across the life cycle from conception, to birth, to childhood, adolescence through to adult life. All rights reserved. Rapid urbanization has also led to high levels of air pollutionthe region is home to eighteen of the worlds twenty most polluted cities. 0000033513 00000 n Its home to Y$+nEq7q4},@B-A)?XH;Y.GQ4TU South Asia is one of the poorest regions in the world: about one-third of the worlds poor live in this region with about 70 per cent living in rural areas and primarily Non-state armed groups can bolster rather than undermine state power. It also helps adjust to shocks such as climate events to which South Asias rural poor are particularly vulnerable, said Hans Timmer, World Bank Chief Economist for South Asia. In less than a decade, for example, India is projected to overtake China as the worlds most populous country. Nature-Society relations provide the foundation for social, economic, political, and environmental problems. The peak of this conflicts violence, in 2010, was reached much later than in J&K and the Northeast but has since seen a drop to a consistent but lower level in recent years. Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. WASHINGTON, October 6, 2022Beset with Sri Lankas economic crisis, Pakistans catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this day, money sent back home by these migrant workers accounts for as much as a third of some countries economies. Rather, it is exposing in a single word the reason why overcoming systemic violence based on gender is so difficult. Chinese support for insurgents in the Northeast, meanwhile, dropped off dramatically in the 1970s and 1980s. The state is resurgent, and insurgencies have been eliminated or contained. 2023 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. These changes across South Asia may be permanent, heralding the dominance of the state after a long period of persistent insurgent challenges. 06 July 2021 South Asia countries are among the most vulnerable globally to the impacts of climate change. -- Volume 22, Number 2, October 2007, Editorial Board Now and Always,The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Now and Always, The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. 92 0 obj <>stream 2715 North Charles StreetBaltimore, Maryland, USA 21218. From the viewpoint of economics, the high population growth in South Asia has slowed down economic growth, increased the foreign trade imblance, and worsened Get the latest news from World101, including teaching resources and special offers. -- Volume 31, Number 2, July 2016, Editorial Board -- Volume 25, Number 2, October 2010, Editorial Board In the Global South there is a huge research gap in linking the social movements and power dynamics within the societies. WebThe problems of the South Asian region are different from those in the developed world. WebHowever, current and recent conflicts, inequality and social exclusion (due to age, gender, race and ethnicity) are threatening the value of this diversity and limiting freedom of expression. This blend of repression and collusion has reduced direct anti-state violence. The reliability of data from this conflict environment is extremely limited: disappearances, dubious claims about the identity of the dead, extensive human rights abuses, and restricted media and NGO access have been characteristics of the last three decades. Pakistans Benazir Bhutto became the first woman to lead a Muslim-majority democratic country, serving as prime minister from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996. The dramatic rise of anti-state revolt led by the TTP in Pakistan in the late 2000s left tens of thousands dead and violently challenged the military establishment in ways unseen since the 1971 war that led to the formation of Bangladesh. Secondly, policymakers can de-risk migration through several means including more flexible visa policies, mechanisms to support migrant workers during shocks, and social protection programs. WebISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA engagement between the two, barring perhaps a few minor border skirmishes in selected areas. ;`w#O*>Brq` pdtw:E7[mEb"0pf"AEA57A{)c /xL\z5CBDDiUy YkxS,A)('OR @$#S@cvs / *%C!% WebUsing a cross-disciplinary approach, the author discusses evolving physical and cultural landscapes. This choice is ripped away from many children of South Asian immigrants who end up feeling stuck in careers they do not find meaningful, ultimately leading to a negative impact on their overall mental wellness and relationships. In Sri Lanka, the Tamil Tigers reached their peak of power between 2002 and 2005. HS1WRtqmf"g/Ugh+3T*{q`U?o>)Tn0XL&)ZOrST=_7:[rchll^b. Kazakhstan used the inaugural games to showcase its national heritage and historic connection to the land just one week after Russian President Vladimir Putin insinuated that the former Soviet Republic should never have become an independent country. In operational term, the paper fleshes out the key analytical question as How have the social movements been subject to power and contestation in the south Asia?, State of Social Movements in South Asia: Critical Reflections and Implications, An annual anthology on global power and resistance. endstream endobj 78 0 obj <>stream First, important insurgencies still continue in the region, even if they are diminished in intensity, while ideologies, inequalities, and forms of resistance persist that can be mobilized against state power. Note: (e)=estimate, (f)=forecast. Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka became the worlds first female prime minister in 1960; her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga, also became both prime minister and president. WebClimate change in South Asia is having significant impacts already which are expected to intensify as global temperatures rise due to climate change.The South Asia region consists of the eight countries Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, the Maldives and Sri Lanka.In the 2017 edition of Germanwatch's Climate Risk Index, Bangladesh and The first is in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), where insurgency arose in the late 1980s following a rigged state assembly election and has continued ever since at varying levels of intensity. Surrounding the Ocean: PRC Influence in the Indian Ocean, Africa Matters to the World Banks Global Role and Heres How, How Indonesia Used Chinese Industrial Investments to Turn Nickel into the New Gold, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, not created a self-sustaining pro-state political order, enduring political power and serious limits on rights, partial democracies marked by factionalism, https://www.mha.gov.in/documents/annual-reports, https://www.mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/north-east-division, https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa. As the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russia, they have looked to their own past to forge, or reassert, post-Soviet national identities. In the Northeast, the 1990s saw a resurgence of violence by Naga insurgent factions in Nagaland and neighboring states, the expansion of multiple insurgencies in the state of Assam, and ongoing or new violence in the states of Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura.

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