Hartung, W. D. (2012). (2011). War between nations is called international war, while war within nations is called civil war. Bangor Daily News. An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died. Defense outlays rose by 85 percent beyond inflation between 2000 and 2011. Since Arias wrote these words, the United States has spent more than $5.5 trillion on defense outlays in constant dollars (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010), including $1.3 trillion on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. As one scholar said of the military bases, It makes as much sense for the Pentagon to hold onto 227 military bases in Germany as it would for the post office to maintain a fleet of horses and buggies (vanden Heuvel, 2011). Social science is the scholarly study of human society and social relationships. The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. This report concluded that the more money we spend on unneeded weapons programs, the more layoffs there will be of police officers, firefighters, teachers, and other workers whose jobs are funded directly or indirectly by federal spending.. Causes of war. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched further. All these killings were outright slaughter. Families go through savings and older parents dip into retirement funds (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). Some verses follow. Grimmett, R. E. (2011). New York Times. New York, NY: Vintage Books. In Social Problems, Social Issues, Social Science, James D. Wright presents his research on some of the social issues that have most vexed America: homelessness, addiction, divorce, minimum wage, and gun control, among others. Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). War is a keystone problem, the eradication of which would make our other social problems much more tractable. : an American History (Eric Foner) Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall) Voices of Freedom (Eric Foner) Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. Napalm bombs were used in World War II to set fire to cities, military bunkers, and other targets. Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind. As an economics writer wryly noted, So remember to take pride in American power, and remember that it comes at a very high price. In making this classic macroeconomics decision, the United States has much to learn from the wealthy nations of Europe. As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. . Image courtesy of Sgt. Also, war between socialist states was not unthinkable, as the doctrine indicated: only the colossal preponderance of Soviet forces prevented a full-scale war in 1956 against Hungary and in 1968 against Czechoslovakia; war between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China was a serious possibility for two decades after the Sino-Soviet New York, NY: Penguin. The education system today faces many issues and problems of interest not just to educators and families but also to sociologists and other social scientists. Updated on June 02, 2019 Military sociology is the sociological study of the military. War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. Retrieved from http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html. Veterans with PTSD often end up with problems in their marriages or other relationships and are more likely to commit violence against their spouses or partners. Supporters of this role say the military has both protected and advanced the political and economic interests of the United States, while critics, as we have seen, charge that the military has been an instrument of imperialism. Discretionary spending involves the money the president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars only. In 2010, more than 19,000 US military personnel, most of them women, were raped or sexually assaulted (Stalsburg, 2011). With the Covid-19 pandemic, 2020 brought the Black Lives Matter protest in the limelight. (2012, February 18). Drugs and alcohol abuse. Social Justice Issues After Ww2; Social Justice Issues After Ww2. Many came back addicted to heroin and other drugs, many were unemployed, and many became homeless. Some 59% of Americans say science and religion are often in conflict, while 38% say the two are mostly compatible. Wheeler, W. T. (2009). These actions did destroy the countryside, but they also destroyed humans. The attention just given to civilians should in no way obscure or minimize the fact that veterans are also casualties of war. This Special Issue will examine the diverse nature of gang-related violence with the goal of better understanding the growing complexities of gang violence over the last two decades to better inform public policy solutions. Boot, M. (2012). To be blunt, American troops simply shot untold hundreds of Korean and Vietnamese civilians in cold blood. Explain your answer. Reflecting this decline, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the past century than in earlier eras. Worrell, M. P. (2011). Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823. (2009). War has significant impacts, but perhaps most of all on civilians and veterans. 119 words. War made easy: How presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death. The US employment effects of military and domestic spending priorities: 2011 update. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues . In terms of the risk of dying in war, then, the Mongolian wars were five times more deadly than World War II. Determining the Prevalence of Rape and Sexual Assault in the Military. New York Times, p. B4. One teenager recalled the tensions that arose when his father was in Iraq: I was in eighth grade when my dad deployed to Iraq. Americas defense meltdown: Pentagon reform for President Obama and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Partial justice: Women, prisons, and social control. New York Times, p. A12. These experts say the military budget is bloated for at least four reasons. (2011, July 22). Social science encompasses research on everything related to human society: family life and marriage; education in all its forms; crime both at an individual level and within . Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. Military preparedness does not come cheap. (2012, January 2). Materialism. Author: jstor.org; Published: 01/26/2022; Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. The Note 16.13 Children and Our Future box discusses this problem in greater detail. (2012, February 17). Most ''observable effects of war on the family are the withdrawal of young men from civilian and their entrance into military life, with a consequent increase in socially disapproved forms of behavior; the entrance of women into industry to replace the men drawn into the armed . McGovern, G. (2011). Why do various groups produce more terrorists than others. Social Sciences Brown sociologist weighs in on tensions at the Russia-Ukraine border Professor of Sociology Michael D. Kennedy provided historical background on Russia's relationship with Ukraine and explained how the current crisis could unleash major conflicts across the globe. Identify two social science issues related to education. Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. Tirman describes one Korean incident in which machine gun fire from US warplanes killed about one hundred civilian refugees who were resting on a road. US military spending amounts to more than $1 trillion annually. Several years later, she was still having many health problems and could not forget what happened to her. After World War II, the GI Bill helped millions of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life. From its emergence as a distinct discipline, anthropology has been oriented toward ethics and social policy. Choose one of the five social institutions. Climate change is one of the most devastating problems the world has ever faced. In addition, half of American children need food stamps at some time before becoming adults, while this problem is far rarer in Europe. When these problems occur, they may ironically worsen the psychological state of these veterans. New York, NY: Routledge. Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2011). As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. Based on statistics released by the government through its #RealNumbersPH, "drug war" killings increased by over 50 percent during the lockdown months from April to July. Leitenberg, M. (2006). Because it took place in Iraq, many more Iraqis than Americans died or were wounded, and the war certainly affected Iraqi societyits infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and so forthfar more than it affected American society. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched further. Although 55 million is more than 40 million, the worlds population in the thirteenth century was only one-seventh its population during the World War II period. citing the Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, [full citation needed] defines the science wars as the discussions about the "way the sciences are related to or incarnated in culture, history . Zornick, G. (2012, January 6). (2011, June 17). occasionally drawing knowledge from natural sciences, math and other studies. DOD: New nuclear subs will cost $347 billion to acquire, operate. (2012, January 8). This latter fact needs some explanation. Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). Advocates for veterans with severe physical or cognitive problems also urge the government to greatly expand its very small program of monthly cash payments to these veterans families to help replace their lost incomes (Einhorn, 2011). Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. Turchik, J. Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. (2011). Gerber, S. (2012, February 7). Week 1 Question 7 Identify two social science issues related toeducation. The hope arises from historical evidence that the number of international wars, civil wars, and other types of armed conflict has in fact declined over the centuries, with the number in the past half-century much smaller than in centuries past (Pinker, 2012). Identify two social science issues related to war. In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. This same sum could be used to pay the salaries of 10,000 new teachers earning $30,000 per year or to build twenty elementary schools at a cost of $15 million each. Second, war is more readily solvable than many other human afflictions. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. (2011). A related problem is suicide. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. Many antiwar protests in the United States focused on the civilian suffering from napalm. Social science is the study of human society and its members' interactions with each other and their relationships to cultural institutions like education or religion. Reflecting on these findings, an author of the study said, Its really time to focus on the children that are left behind (Ashton, 2011). Some think the United States needs to maintain and in fact increase its level of military spending, even with the Cold War long ended, to replace aging weapons systems, to meet the threat posed by terrorists and by rogue nations such as Iran, and to respond to various other trouble spots around the world. The sociology of war is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the macro-level patterns of war making, how societies engage in warfare, the meaning that war has in society, and the relationship between state structure and war making. American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. While social sciences attempts an objective evaluation of human and social behavior, by its very nature it must grapple with questions of equality, fairness, cohesion, and happiness, and thus, with moral issues. When it comes to our wars overseas, he adds, concern for the victims is limited to U.S. troops.. Stopping Americas most lethal export. Dao, J. Introduction. Theyre in good shape for the shape theyre in, Sources: Ledbetter, 2011; Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 1971. A poem about napalm, reportedly written by members of the US First Air Cavalry, surfaced during the war. Reid Kasprowicz A Flag for the Fallen CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Looking after the soldier, back home and damaged. Retrieved from http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find. Choose one of the five social institutions. According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011). Identify two social science issues related to education. This change is widely credited with helping spur the hopes of southern African Americans that racial desegregation would someday occur in their hometowns (McKeeby, 2008). Many veterans are experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), marked by nightmares, panic attacks, and other symptoms (Dao, 2012). As large as it is, the $768 billion just cited as the official figure for the US military budget is misleading in at least two ways. (2012). But not all civilians are affected equally. Retrieved from http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html. Gleditsch, N. P., & Theisen, O. M. (2010). The United States, of course, began with the colonial war against England. . As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. July 5, 2016. Obamas defense cuts are a drop in the bucket. Social media and bullying. One social science issue related to war is the effects of war on the mental health of the service members . Their poverty forced many of these women to turn to prostitution to earn an income, resulting in a rise in prostitution after the war (Rafter, 1990). Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. Since 1993, US armed forces have waged war in Iraq and in Afghanistan and also joined international military operations in such countries as Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Libya. Holland, J. They are countries that are using children as soldiers to dragging them and preventing them from going to school. Although this is almost an unimaginable number, there is cause for some hope, even as there is also cause for despair. Pinker, S. (2012). Retrieved http://www.cnn.com/. Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). Bess, M. (2008). A case of social inequalities in modern societies. Oscar Arias, a former president of Costa Rica and a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, echoed these famous words from President Eisenhower when he wrote a decade ago that US military spending took money away from important domestic needs. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. It examines issues such as military recruiting, race and gender representation in the military, combat, military families, military social organization, war and peace, and the military as welfare. The nation rightly grieved these deaths when they occurred and built monuments, such as the Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in Washington, DC, that list the names of the dead. Speier, J. When a napalm bomb explodes, it ignites an enormous fireball that burns everything in its path. New York Times, June 23, p. A19. Napalm is a very flammable jellylike substance made out of gasoline, soap, and white phosphorous. Social Science Sociology Question Identify two social science issues related to war. Question Description. Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. China ranked a distant second at $119 billion, followed by the United Kingdom at $60 billion and France at $49 billion (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010). (1971). In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. Although calculations are complex, total military spending accounted for an estimated 43 percent to 48 percent of discretionary spending in 2011 (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). The authors, by reviewing the recent work of several behavioral and social science disciplines concerned with the impact of war upon society, suggest that the study of war's social ramifications has been characterized by the publication of empirical work that neglects, to some extent, the larger sociological implications of war as well as its One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Rich Dad, Poor Dad (Robert T. Kiyosaki) Interpersonal Communication (Kory Floyd) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Give Me Liberty! The samples are almost entirely of women, given their higher risk of being sexually assaulted. Looking further back in world history, the death rate in prehistoric times from tribal warfare was extremely high. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. First, the human brain is far more advanced than the brains of other primates, and genetic instincts that might drive these primates behavior do not necessarily drive human behavior. For example, the Iraq war that began in 2003 involved two countries more than any others, the United States and Iraq. Families of deployed troops also face many difficulties. The American Civil War, also called the War Between the States, then tore it apart less than a century later. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. The second period is 19391945, when World War II killed 55 million people. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm. Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. Friends Committee on National Legislation. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books. The fiscal year 2013 defense budget: A report card. We cannot discuss all of these issues here, but we will highlight some of the most interesting and important. the families are worried about their loved ones Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Grand Canyon University Expanded cultural knowledge, with broader. SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES. History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). A recent study found that adolescents with a deployed parent are more likely than those with civilian parents to feel depressed and suicidal. This percentage range is much higher than the 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the government solely for defense outlays. Union of Concerned Scientists. A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. Federation of American Scientists. Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. Obamas damaging blow to our military. As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. Time. Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. Second, the world today is a much more dangerous place than in the past because of the existence of nuclear weapons. APA 950 words Get instant access to the full solution from by clicking the purchase button below $12.00 Added to cart Related Questions: Watch this clip from the popular TV show Adam Ruins Everything titled The Secret Reason Weed is Illegal . Betrayal in the Ranks. Vietnam Veterans Against the War. In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. Status of world nuclear forces. Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. When we think of the impact of war, the consequences for civilians and veterans as just discussed come most readily to mind. R. Radcliffe-Brown would claim that he was moved to initiate his studies of simpler peoples on the advice of the celebrated Russian . (2012, January 12). The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. Scholar John Tirman worries that Americans have generally ignored the civilian victims of US wars. As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. Although the causes of World War II are complex, Hitlers effort to conquer much of Europe stemmed at least partly from his belief that Aryans (Germans and other Europeans with blond hair and blue eyes) were a superior species and non-Aryans were an inferior species (Bess, 2008). Racial and religious discrimination are the two significant social issues in America, Africa, and the world. 9.5 million children receiving low-income health care (Medicaid), 1.7 million students receiving full-tuition scholarships at state universities, 1.6 million Head Start slots for children. As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities.

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