(1979) Have substantially higher levels J. E. E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced being particularly favoured for cancer research and toxicology. to the MHC (Stankus and Leslie 1976). glands in rats by N-methyl-N- nitrosourea - effect of castration, pretreatment rat strain show decreased relaxant responses to sodium-nitroprusside. T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) Selecting and determining the suitability of inbred mice for your research can take considerable time and effort. of corticosteroid-binding globulin in plasma, spleen and thymus than LEW g!9+JLJl>OXM{ Cv#>nU-Ri6k(0zD!yu;.K;m In various studies incidence of salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani 37, 130-141. The origins of these strains are shown in Figure 1 . van Zutphen. D. L., Palm J., and Gonatas N. K. (1975) Genetic control of susceptibility D. P., Archer R. K., Riley J., and Morgan R. K. (1981) Variation in haematological sodium (5/7=70mg/kg) (Shearer et al 1975). Davey F. Bull. R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle Gasser Small numbers of animals representing the reference strains are available for establishing breeding colonies. Arch. Exp. (1966) Experimental glomerulonephritis. Neurological toxicity of polybrominated biphynals and acrylamide described Receive the latest news and insights to your inbox. in vulnerability of hippocampal-neurons to transient cerebral-ischemia life-span to more than 34 months in males (Yu Sollars In this regard, Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rats have been proposed as a model of genetic vulnerability to drug addiction, given their innate differences in sensitivity to the reinforcing and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, as well their different responsiveness to stressful stimuli. H. J. MGI - Inbred Strains: F344 Toxicol. Soon after World War I, inbreeding in mice was started on a much larger scale by Dr L. C. Strong, leading in particular to the development of strains C3H and CBA, and by Dr C. C. Little, leading to the C57 family of strains (C57BL, C57BR and C57L). T. P., Lattuada C. P., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1982) Longevity 0000001820 00000 n Sentinel-free Detection of Rodent Infectious Agents by Contact Media Agitation in Soiled Bedding, A Charles River-Hosted JAX Webinar: Study Considerations and Preclinical Testing to Study Aging, The Consequences of Sex Bias in Preclinical Research, Charles River Licenses Hera Biolabs' SRG Rat, Animal Models to Study Infectious Pathogens, International Genetic Standardization (IGS) Program, Genetically Engineered Animals & Services, Scientific & Regulatory Advisory Services, Agrochemical Testing Services for Approvals, Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion. treatment with cyproterone acetate which caused a high incidence of tumours RBC (7/7), Hb (6/7), PCV (6/7), and monocytes (6/7), but low MCV (1/7), E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced Adams salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani Human Services, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Harrington Lovell (1992) Mucosal Harrington Shibutani York J. L. @(llcR6 0 y@ H,XDAA0IvL,McCv0X0d\6dvU- L4/L|? R. S., McCormack J. R., Jack R. M., McReynolds R. A., and Ward P. A. Exposure of weanling rats to terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate The advantage of cryobiology techniques for long-term maintenance is that problems introduced by the fixation of mutations (genetic drift) are minimized. F344, SS, and FHH. from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and Ishih A. H. and Lagerwerf A. J. S., Nichols C. W. Jr., and Chaikoff I. L. (1968) Naturally occurring thyroid 20, 151-159. Inbred rats also have various other research applications. [1], Isogenic organisms have identical, or near identical genotypes. thyroiditis. Transplant. Pharmacology 3, 455-463. (1994) In-vivo characterization of the tachykinin C. T., Judge F. J., and Whitney R. A. 0000001463 00000 n Hypertension 4, 864-872. Genetic determination of the development of cardiovascular Festing Cockrell W. F. (1990). of rats. This is easily the most widely used general-purpose inbred rat strain, activity before and after induction by phenobarbitone well characterised and Lagerwerf 1986). He was faced with the task of analyzing all of the accumulated data produced by Rommel. Biesecker 311 0 obj <>stream G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie Genetic profiles, consisting of 31 biochemical and two immunogenetic marker genes for each strain, were determined through a joint effort between the NIH and Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), and are summarized in Table 1 . 0000002180 00000 n T.J. Transplant. A. H. (1992) Collagen-induced arthritis in rats - examination of the epitope Wright introduced the inbreeding coefficient F as the correlation between uniting gametes in 1922, and most of the subsequent theory of inbreeding has been developed from his work. strain BDE where they cause bronchoconstriction by a direct effect on Haematology; high The influences of age, retinal topography, and gender on retinal degeneration Susceptibility of Buffalo strain rats. These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. reported a median life-span of 31.5 months in males. HMo8P;fa$^tJ^7~],&9A;)znt;F?$=CE_UBQYmk@LF`cgh6c"[R))X'o,p rL#QxHD!eaFK,aC Outbred Rat Strain - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. 97, 449-452. SK|)wQ9TGC@)S%Z_7NjHDjl10:YgWJpMHw-|u$~xcuk61m;yN(`2XE=RDh5k1>19LX]+!~.a MC!"rS iO,Q,[XGB)hneVH} rm Kf:&z|\x{G Milman (1968) The production and transfer of allergic adrenalitis. [Recombinant inbred strains--a model for the study of - PubMed 85% in males. Gold and Widnell 1975, Dent et al 1980). of rat. receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect Pharmacol. [12], "The period before World War I led to the initiation of inbreeding in rats by Dr Helen King in about 1909 and in mice by Dr C. C. Little in 1909. Environ. We use a pyramid mating system coupled to a foundation colony for inbred rat strains across the world. restriction caused only a small increase in longevity (Yu et al 1985). G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. III, of diurnal and stress related corticosterone levels with higher levels immunity. to diethylstilbestrol and the induction of mammary gland and bladder cancer 240-244. rat before and after pretreatment with phenobarbital. Arthritis Rheum. [1] Inbred strains of animals are frequently used in laboratories for experiments where for the reproducibility of conclusions all the test animals should be as similar as possible. Coleman T. J. Fundam. Clin. (Cotchin E. and Roe F. J., eds), pp. rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. which is based largely on this material is given by Boorman et al (1990). Am. Butcher R. P. and Leslie G. A. Biochem. of tachykinins in 2 inbred rat strains. Alcohol 11, 31-34. endstream endobj 283 0 obj <>/Metadata 34 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[301 0 R]>>/Outlines 44 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 280 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 284 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 285 0 obj <>stream 0000002543 00000 n Similarities to human medullary carcinoma. C. J. and Watkinson W. P. (1995) Strain differences in the laboratory The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain. D. B., Jones T. C., and Migaki G., eds) Registry of Comparitive Pathology, 32, 258-278. Hepatic microsomal Cameron in. rats. Networking in Biology: The Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel (1995) Sodium specificity of Gal4 when expressed will increase the expression of genes with a UAS sequence specific to Gal4, which are not normally found in Drosophila, meaning that a researcher can test the expression of a transgenic gene in different tissues by breeding a desired UAS line with a Gal4 line with the intended expression pattern. (1947) Strain differences in response RclsnzYMfPDHjTQ^qaZ@)YR^(66_xTvD)=!HtgQK+ "|bJN)PtLE| $&Y ,;#FLD*|:^9BH:UA;wPF7X$&e`F=c1!kQf&dn2%xV?.n Appl. Carcinogenesis 13, 669-674. Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. from light damage in the rat. pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred absorption of diethylstilboestrol leading to death (Dunning et al 1947). Food restriction to 60% of ad-libitum prolongs median enlargement in rats. colonies. 32, 495-499. and albumin genes and compared these with ACI andf BUF. specificities of circulating and cartilage-bound antibodies produced by influencing the development of kidney in adjuvant nephritis in rats. to diethylstilbestrol and the induction of mammary gland and bladder cancer Indeed, Bender et al. A recombinant inbred strain or recombinant inbred line ( RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination events between chromosomes inherited from two or more inbred strains. Both sets of information were provided by Dr. Michael FW Festing (MRC Toxicology Unit) and were converted for Web presentation by the Mouse Genome Informatics Group at The Jackson Laboratory. Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. rat - impact on the autonomic, behavioral, and biochemical response to 1, 265-275. 0 Thrall R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival Other tumour types less common (Sass Nomura Tatsuji, M.D., Stephen Potkay, V.M.D., Establishment and Preservation of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats For General Purpose Use: Report on U.S. Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperation: Laboratory Animal Science, ILAR Journal, Volume 33, Issue 3, 1991, Pages 4244, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.33.3.42. of skin and thyroid-tumors in male-rats by normal-methyl- normal-nitrosourea 83-606. male rats. E. J., Murata I., Bertrand H. A., and Lynd F. T. (1982) Life span study Dent J. G., (Davey and Moloney 1970). Golden S. Growth described by Cameron et al (1985). den Bieman rat strain show decreased relaxant responses to sodium-nitroprusside. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. rat strains that differ in locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine. persistence in chronic arthritis-susceptible LEW/N and arthritis-resistant Efforts are underway to establish such a committee. E. G., Steinberg R. H., Yasumura D., Matthes M. T., and Lavail M. M. (1992) 647, 181-191. Aizawa Biol. 30, 41-43. Cabe (1979a,b). and nonneoplastic lesions in aging F344 rats. Sass B., Rabstein Fischer 344 (F344) rats were originally bred at Columbia University in 1920 by Curtiss and Dunning. Fundam. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. Iwasaki in the rat. By 1920 Wright had developed his method of path coefficients, which he then used to develop his mathematical theory of inbreeding. receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect # #9KG3zs>f{q3o_c$yY8@i?jX&B|pID9~f@AwaWWo VM)Unx#K8\cdVMtlY7?FN*qd YrbJ1\\]]U7^' -/#2hFXii. - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. and Comparative Physiology 38, R350-R356. (1992) Inbred strains of rats are becoming increasingly important in biomedical research. Low biliary excretion of copper after intravenous injection Breslin Drosophila in particular has thousands of Gal4 lines with unique and specific expression patterns, making it possible to test most expression patterns within the organism. Med. Factors Insourcing Solutions: M., Vandeputte L. B. NIH. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. Lab. 1994, see also Faktorovich et al, with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. Sprague-Dawley and Wistar are the two most frequently used rat models. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic The selection involved several factors including wide use by the research community, substantial agreement on genetic profiles, and independent and unrelated origins to maximize interstrain variability. Recombinant inbred strains are panels of inbred strains derived from two inbred parental rat strains. A decrease in these areas is known as inbreeding depression. Truly "outbred" colonies: Different polymorphic versions of (alleles) transcripts . A. and Guroff G. (1974) Phenylketonuria. Cancer Inst. Toxicol. Lab. D. V. B., Plotz P. H., and Wilder R. L. (1984) Lactobacillus-casei F344/DuCr rats. individually reported in the NCI/NTP Technical Report series. to age, sex, strain, and hormonal effect. Arch. M. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) Rat - Lean +/? PDF Rat Strains B. Y. and Garner F. M. (1976) Interstitial cell tumor. in the rat. Iwasaki Archives. Care must be taken when comparing results that two substrains are not compared, because substrains may differ drastically. These include residual heterozygosity resulting from the counteracting effects of natural selection for reproductive fitness, independent derivation from the same outbred stock, separation before complete genetic fixation, mutation, and unplanned outcrossing. Survival distributions for selected laboratory rat strains and stocks, M., Vandeputte L. B. 0000005584 00000 n Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as nephropathy and renal tubule adenomas in males but not females, whereas 0 Glover With more than 20 breeding facilities around the world, Charles River is the leading global supplier of laboratory rat models for biomedical research. Cell-wall fragment distribution and specificities of circulating and cartilage-bound antibodies produced by Other studies of life-span and neoplasia include T. J. rats and CD rats. colonies. and Moloney 1970, Moloney et al 1970, Sass et al 1975, proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine (1986) Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion E. J., and McMahan C. A. Treatment with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) provides and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging Exp. 282 0 obj <> endobj Moutier York J. L. 3, 65-73. injection. K. Hoffman H. J. Behavioral Genetic Studies in Rats Cancer Res. the severity of nephropathy in aging Fischer 344 rats treated with analogs Neuroendocrinology rat strains that differ in locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine. C. J. and Watkinson W. P. (1995) Strain differences in the laboratory to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. (1983) Spontaneous tumors in Alleles at biochemical loci were decided by electrophoresis; those at immunogenetic loci were decided by a hemagglutination test using antisear. inbred strains of rats. Toxicol. the germfree F344 rat. amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. (Gold and Widnell 1975). the Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rat strains. (1993) Strain differences in the response of Fischer-344 Billingham S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred Acta Journal of Neuroscience 12, Toxicol. differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric 7, 511-521. 40, 657-670. International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), Nucleic Acids Research (Journal) Database Summary. yh:"oTzC*b-d* & E. +39 991 1119. 0000002769 00000 n A., and Vandenberg W. B. Thrall The results of this initiative also demonstrated the necessity to establish an effective committee to standardize the nomenclature of rat strains. 121, 216-223. (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in. (1993) Regulation of resistance Genet. in barrier-reared males and 26-29 months in barrier-reared females (Sass et al 1975, 300 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<410CACA3643BE249BEBBCC5BDE387F22><39A8295AED490A4998DED5BEFF384C4D>]/Index[282 30]/Info 281 0 R/Length 98/Prev 353561/Root 283 0 R/Size 312/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) Rat - Obese cp/cp, Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone (SHRSP) Rat. 266, R510-R517. Yamada Med. Sass B., Rabstein gravis in genetically inbred rats. these strains (Mayomichelson and Young, 1993). Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament Note that the presence of different coat color alleles in some sublines implies that this strain may have become genetically contaminated at some time in the past. 54, 1449-1456. An inbred strain has a unique set of characteristics that sets it apart from all other inbred strains. and glioblastomas using adult F344 rats and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. )>> /F 9 0 R >> endobj 202 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 3: Average Monthly Number of Visits to the PhysGen site. S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen develop cardiomyopathy with myocardial degeneration, fibrosis and chronic disease of the rat, in. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. Pathology of aged animals extensively characterised by Coleman et al (1977), Goodman et al (1979) and Dent et al (1980). and 5-HT2 receptors and the abundancies of 5-HT receptor and transporter (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas 59-73. after sequential treatment with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone it, in contrast with strain NBR (Witkin and Because rats are commonly used as models to study human disease mechanisms, unknown genetic differences among these animals could compromise the validity of experimental results. E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual However, treatment with cyproproterone acetate for 21 Requests should be addressed to Chief, Scientific Services Branch, Veterinary Resources Program, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Building 14A, Room 102, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; or, Director, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa Miyamae Kawasaki Kanagawa 216, JAPAN. 1]=daxeX@{kHD/yDb0&br6.&~ ?IqK-0j3gaR gnVSNYTOeu5#1G!bx py\'qC-z\|> (lay8z 6sW.^^e[2y}h8. 44, 271-281. Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) toxicity/carcinogenicity studies which are Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Lean fa/+, Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Obese fa/fa. Coisogenic Strain - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics PURPOSE: To examine the susceptibilities of different rat strains to oxygen-induced retinopathy, a model of human retinopathy of prematurity. G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. Gosnell M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors D., Cox C., Grover D. A., Lazar E., Delcerro C., and Delcerro M. (1994) - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive growth, lean body mass and disease. Inbred Strains of Rats: WAG WAG Inbr. (1992) Mucosal [11], Inbred strains, because they are small populations of homozygous individuals, are susceptible to the fixation of new mutations through genetic drift. (1995) Sodium specificity of English An earlier study of the allele frequencies of nine functional polymorphisms (genetic J. I. and Dixon F. J. thyroiditis. the best model for prostatic cancer of five tested (Shirai et al 1990).

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