He, and his company, participated in the engagement at Quintan's Bridge N.J. on March 18, 1778 and the . [6] Washington to Lafayette, February 20, 1781, Founders Online website, accessed January 12, 2017; Capt. To identify state and military unit of interest . New Jersey Regiments in the Continental Army - American Revolutionary War The collection is arranged by type of service, military unit, and jacket or folder number. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. Ebenezer Denny, Military Diary of Major Ebenezer Denny (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1859), 45, reported vast heaps of shot and shells lying about in every quarter, which came from our works which is not surprising for shot since the American gunners sent a total of 3,312 rounds into the town. redoubts) with artillery batteries and connecting trenches. Please note, a small selection of muster rolls and pay lists from WO 12 are available online via Ancestry (). Two-thirds of his attack force carried 250-kilogram semi armor-piercing bombs against Yorktown while the others carried high explosive bombs against the ship's crew. Regular military units created by the Continental Congress comprised the Continental Army. [16] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-12, 1781; Daily Reports by Field Officers of the Batteries, GLC02437.01218, 01219, 01222, 01226, 01227, 01228, 01229, 01232, and 01234, GLI; Adrian B. Caruana, British Artillery Ammunition 1780 (Alexandria Bay, NY: Museum Restoration Service, 1979), 20-21. Harrisburg: Harrisburg Publishing Co. Harrisburg, Pa., Harrisburg Publishing Co., state printer, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Regimental histories, Pennsylvania -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Sources, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Registers, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Lancaster 24 April 1782 Washington lauded the judicious and spirited management of [the artillery] in the parallels and Knox published his individual and collective thanks. Private To speed up the siege of the two redoubtsFrench troops were to take redoubt No. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Joseph Savage of the former regiment. Stivors Chester County Revolutionary War reparation requests & reported losses. This time, France obliged requests for assistance by sending over some of its elite troops to help Washingtons patriots. This engagement further weakened British attempts to wrest the southern colonies from American control. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Today, well preserved Union and Confederate Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. Presumably the detachment from the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment returned to their base in the New York Highlands. Surrender of Conwallis. battle of yorktown muster rolls - fondation-fhb.org FAQ; Site Index; Espaol; Stay Connected. 19, 1781 During the attack on Redoubts 9 and 10 on the evening of October 14, the 2nd Artillerys Capt. Their attempts prove futile. Knox rotated this duty among the company officers of all four Continental artillery regiments. The musters are bound together in annual volumes for each regiment and are held in the War Office (WO) series, listed below. Sick at F Serious fighting ensues in close quarters, but the British are overwhelmed. By October 9, 1781 tens of thousands of manhours had been expended building fortifications and batteries in the first parallel and hauling siege weapons across the peninsula from the James River to the Yorktown lines. Regiments at Valley Forge. [15], Daily details for the batteries totaled between 120 and 200 officers and men during the first five days of the siege, reflecting the fact that the Americans probably had a maximum of twenty pieces of ordnance mounted during that period. Much of the 1862 Yorktown battlefield encompasses the 1781 battlefield of the American Revolution. For nearly a week the artillery barrage is ceaseless, shattering whatever nerve the British have remaining and punching holes in British defenses. If a soldier did not receive an army pension then these may be the only records that survive for him. The resulting shortfall led to the assignment to Knox on October 6 of the Virginia State Regiment under Lt. Col. Charles Dabney, the Delaware Regiment under Capt. Still, The World Turned Upside Down creates the perfect ending to an event that changed the nation and the world. Brown, The American Campaigns of Rochambeaus Army 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972), 1:33; Claude C. Sturgill, ed., Rochambeaus Memoire de la Guerre en Amerique, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 78 (Jan. 1970): 61; Marquis de Chastellux, Travels in North America, in the Years 1780, 1781, and 1782 (London: G.G. However, Paul Aussaresses, Lartillerie francaise au siege de Yorktown (1781), Revue Historique de lArmee 26 (2) (1970): 38 stated that the French had deployed sixty-four pieces, though that double-counted pieces in the first and second parallel. Please note, a small selection of muster rolls and pay lists from WO 12 are available online via Ancestry (). Corp'l Whitehead Colemans Company was sent to Virginia later that year to recruit. These records can be an excellent source for names, dates, locations, and family relationships. Oct . This muster roll is from 1782 a year after the Battle of Yorktown Virginia. U.S. Navy Muster Rolls, 1798-1939 | National Archives May 1780: Sir John Johnson leads Royal Greens, Rangers, and Indians in raid on Johnstown and Caughnawaga. Niagara Falls Assortment, 1 Box. In response, Cornwallis asked Clinton for aid, and the general promised him a fleet of 5,000 British soldiers would set sail from New York to Yorktown. As American troops hack at the abatis with axes, the British are alerted. About U.S., Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783 This database is a collection of records kept by the National Archives listing men who fought for the colonies in the American Revolutionary War. On the other side of the Atlantic, Britain was also waging a global war with France and Spain. The 1st Maryland Regiment under William Smallwood was held in reserve. From 1878 to 1898, all muster rolls and pay lists are in WO 16. The Battle of Yorktown marks the collapse of the British war efforts. Then,Lt. Col. Alexander Hamiltons force, consisting of a detachment of 400 of his light infantry, assaults redoubt #10 with bayonets fixed and muskets unloaded. . I've attached Muster Roll of John Althause's Company of New The British began . Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783; Microfilm Publication M246, 138 rolls; NAID: 602384; War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records, Record Group 93; The National Archives in Washington, D.C. The heavy cannons pounded the British mercilessly, and by October 11 had knocked out most of the British guns, the Army Heritage Center Foundation states. Washington's Officers at Valley Forge. On June 17, 1775, as British redcoats marched up the heights of Bunker Hill outside of Boston, Massachusetts, they were met with a hail of musketry from the defenders of the earthen redoubt. October 9. The French simultaneously assault redoubt #9 and, after an equally fierce firefight, wrest control from the British. Ensign William McKennan, and 160 Virginia Militiamen under Major Wood Jones. At the time, British forces were fighting on two fronts, with General Henry Clinton occupying New York City, and Cornwallis, who had already captured Charleston and Savannah, in South Carolina. Uploaded by Sick at F Outnumbered and outfought during a three-week siege in which they sustained great losses, British troops surrendered to the Continental Army and their French allies. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series (1906), Vol. This database is a collection of records kept by the National Archives listing men who fought for the colonies in the American Revolutionary War. Lafayettes force arrived at Richmond in late April and spent the spring and summer maneuvering against British forces under Gen. William Phillips, and after his death under Lt. Gen. Charles, Lord Cornwallis. Battle of Yorktown in the American Revolution| American Battlefield Trust For the colonies, the long struggle for independence was leading to enormous debt, food shortages, and a lack of morale among the soldiers. The latter was comprised of three companies, two of which were commanded by Captains William Ferguson and Patrick Duffy. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. During the day beginning on October 14 American artillerymen suffered one killed and two wounded, while the next day two men were killed and three wounded. [2] George Washingtons Diary for August 19, 1781, Founders Online website, accessed January 12, 2017; Gen. Henry Knox to Col. John Lamb, August 18, 1781, GLC02437.01139, Henry Knox Papers, Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York (location cited hereafter as GLI); Lynn L. Sims, The Military Career of John Lamb (PhD Dissertation, New York University, 1975), 136, 152; Gen. Henry Knox to Maj. Sebastian Bauman, August 21, 1781, GLC02437.01150, GLI. The Allied armies marched hundreds of miles from their headquarters north of New York City to Yorktown, making theirs the largest troop movement of the American Revolution. The number of unexploded shells out of the 2,178 fired by American gunners is unknown so any such problem cannot be quantified. Private This muster roll is from 1782 a year after the Battle of Yorktown Virginia. 10Washington ordered the use of bayonets, rather than pounding them slowly into submission with cannon, writes Ron Chernow in Alexander Hamilton. [5], Washington had ordered Maj. Gen.Marquis de Lafayette to take 1,200 Continentals from the army in New York to Virginia in February 1781 to oppose British forces then threatening that state, instructing Lafayette to confer with General Knox concerning needed artillery support. The second type of service . Cornwallis stated after the siege that all our guns on the left were silenced, our works much damaged, and our loss of men considerable. Following the siege French gunners praised their American counterparts, as did Lt. Gen. Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau and his generals. [12], Most of the artillery had been hauled from Trebells Landing across the peninsula six miles to the artillery park by October 6 allowing Knoxs men to concentrate on completing the batteries and moving guns and mortars into them. 2. William Stevens provided support to the infantry by advancing six 3-pounders, though the attackers were successful without that support. They also assisted Capt. Analysis of the Muster Rolls. The whole operation had consumed fewer than ten minutes., READ MORE:How Alexander Hamilton's Men Surprised the Enemy at the Battle of Yorktown. Muster Rolls, 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment, September 1781, found at fold3.com, accessed January 15, 2017. Aerial Assortments. Capt. Surrender at For the sake of silence, surprise, and soldierly pride, they had unloaded their guns to take the position with bayonets alone. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Your email address will not be published. Oct . At 1057, Lieutenant Michio Kobayashi and his 18-dive bomber unit took off from Hiryu to attack American carrier Yorktown, escorted by 6 fighters. Portions of these and perhaps other companies, serving under Captain Coleman, reported to General Knox when he arrived in Williamsburg in September. These details were comprised of members of all four artillery regiments and the three auxiliary units, with the artillerymen providing approximately half of each detail. Sergt. Oct . On a moonless night, after firing incessant artillery to weaken British defenses, American and French forces prepare a surprise assault on redoubts #9 and #10. When the latter moved his army to Yorktown in August Lafayette followed and positioned his force, including Savages artillery, to block any attempt by Cornwallis to escape once he became aware of his isolation. 9 would be undertaken by French troops, while the No. The successful siege allowed the allies to complete the second parallel trench and snuffed out the last remains of resistance among the British. In a final effort on October 16, Cornwallis attempted a nighttime sea evacuation, but he was stopped by a storm. Oneida Indians move to Fort Schuyler for protection. Sick at F The field officer of the batteries provided a daily written report to Knox of ammunition used at each artillery position, furnishing a useful picture today of the American gunners activity. The two merged in 1856, as the Royal Engineers, Infantry regiments, which had been known by numbers (for example, 28th Foot), were to become known by a title, usually a county, Regiments from the 26th Foot onwards were paired together to form new regiments (for example, the 28th Foot and the 61st Foot became the Gloucester Regiment), Each new regiment was to have two battalions, as the first 25 Foot regiments already did, The lower number became the 1st battalion and the higher number became the 2nd battalion (thus, the 28th Foot and the 61st Foot became the 1st and 2nd Battalions respectively of the Gloucester Regiment), All infantry regiments were placed into numbered regimental districts. Wm. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Muster Roll of the Detached Corps under Charge of Lt. DeBeck ,New York Volunteers Early in the siege a typical detail from the 2nd Regiment numbered fourteen, to which were added men from the other artillery regiments as well as the three auxiliary units. The Grand American Battery, on the right of the American line near the York River, was completed by the afternoon of October 9 and the Left Battery and Bomb Battery were completed early the next day. Record types contained in this collection include: Muster rolls Payrolls Strength returns Misc., personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units Washington orders troops to dig a second parallel 400 yards closer to the British lines. Aerial. During the Crimean War, men were recruited abroad to form the British German Legion, the British Italian Legion, and the British Swiss Legion. You may also need to know the relevant regimental district numbers, a key to which can be found in the record summary of WO 16. Although it takes the Americans two more years of skillful diplomacy to formally secure their independence through the Treaty of Paris, the war is won with the British defeat at Yorktown. containing company and regimental muster and pay rolls of the regiments of the Connecticut "Line," together with numerous militia rolls and miscellaneous papers, and the large . But the demoralizing loss at Yorktown diminished the British will to continue to fight the rebels. Private Credit: Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images, How Alexander Hamilton's Men Surprised the Enemy at the Battle of Yorktown, https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/siege-of-yorktown. 1st New York and militia unable to prevent Johnson's retreat to Canada. With a small force left in New York, about 2,500 Americans and 4,000 French soldiersfacing some 8,000 British troopsbegan digging their own trenches 800 yards from the Brits and started a nearly week-long artillery assault on the enemy on October 9. Lord North resigns 15 days later. The first American gun was fired from the Grand American Battery late in the afternoon of October 9 followed by round-the-clock bombardment of British lines by American and French gunners. Knox brought together the four elements described above in a Corps of Artillery at Yorktown. The defenders were a motley collection of colonists, from various New England colonies. The password for the operation is Rochambeau, which the Americans translate as Rush on boys! The assault commences with a diversionary attack on a redoubt further to the north of Yorktown at 6:30 p.m., giving the appearance that the town itself was to be stormed. [9] Monthly Return of the Corps of Artillery-October 1st 1781, GLC02437.10495, GLI. That contingent was further weakened due to a September 23 altercation between Duffy and another officer, leading to Duffys arrest, court martial, and dismissal from the service on October 12. 19, 1781 The records contained in this database regard only the Continental Army, and state and other units that served with them. Assuming he brought forty-five artillery pieces as planned, he would have needed approximately eight hundred men to provide crews for all pieces for alternating days on duty. [20], The American gunners who served at the Siege of Yorktown participated in the longest, most intense, and most decisive artillery engagement of the Revolutionary War. Loyalist Institute: British Legion, Infantry Officers - Brandwares You can browse these by regiment. NARA M246. Description books of sappers, miners, artificers and the like, 1756-1833, are in WO 54/310-316. 19, 1781 Join us online July 24-26! The war with Britain had reached a stalemate. The American Gunners at Yorktown Oct . October 14. [10] Jerome A. Greene, The Guns of Independence: The Siege of Yorktown, 1781 (New York: Savas Beatie, 2005), 198; Harold L. Peterson, Round Shot and Rammers (Harrisburg: Stackpole Books, 1969), 66; The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., (Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1937), 177-178; Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment of Continental Artillery, New Jersey & New York, John Lamb Papers, New York Historical Society, New York, NY, entries for October 9-16, 1781; RWPAs S8403 for Edward Elley, S38039 for Thomas Hood, S8731 for Claiborne Howard, and S17593 for George Moore. Lieut. As long as a round landed behind British lines, Washingtons goal was achieved. American victory. Contact Us Tools. The siege was a decisive Franco-American victory: after the surrender of British Lt. Gen. Charles, Earl Cornwallis on October 17, the government of Lord North fell, and its replacement entered into peace negotiations that resulted . We strive for accuracy and fairness. $159.99 Add to Favorites . After a series of October battles, Burgoyne found himself surrounded by Gates' men and surrendered on October 17. The 3rd Regiment had been raised primarily in Massachusetts. Death Finds a Way: A Janie Riley Mystery by Lorine McGinnis Schulze, Organize Your Genealogy in Evernote in 10 Easy Steps, Immigration (Ships Passenger Lists, Naturalization, etc), From Van Valkenburg to Vollick: The Loyalist Isaac Van Valkenburg aka Vollick and his Vollick & Follick Children. 26-32. Present Washingtons fame grew to international proportions having wrested such an impossible victory, according to the Washington Library, interrupting his much desired Mount Vernon retirement with greater calls to public service., READ MORE:Explore George Washington's life in our interactive timeline. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! The Continental Army, on the other hand, drew men of diverse ages and backgrounds into an undisciplined force. When they found the French fleet was instead sailing to the Chesapeake Bay, Washington concocted a new plan. It is all over. Nov. 7, 1781 Forty percent of the American rounds fired were from mortars and howitzers, accounting for nearly seventy percent of the weight of metal fired. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. The French commander was a respected officer named Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau. Oct . Althause Jr. Oct . Washington ordered the construction of large camps with huge brick bread ovens where Clinton could see them to create the illusion that the Continental Army was preparing for a long stay. Valley Forge Muster Roll. Of the four Continental artillery regiments that existed at the time, only the 2nd and 3rd were with the army in New York and the 3rd was to remain there in a defensive posture. We feature smart, groundbreaking research and well-written narratives from expert writers. Artillery at Yorktown: A Statistical Overview (Part 1 of 2) The Brigade Dispatch. October 17. Watch our webinar on Army musters more than just accounts which tells you what you can discover in the records. In this encounter, called the Battle of the Capes, the British fleet is soundly defeated and forced to abandon Cornwalliss army at Yorktown. PA Revolutionary War Records from Archives. Assault upon Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. . They, along with pay lists, were effectively the main everyday service records kept by the army of men in active service. J. and J. Robinson, 1787), 1:133-134; Orderly Book of the Siege of Yorktown, 47; Knoxs Brigade Orders, October 21, 1781, The Magazine of American History 6 (New York: A.S. Barnes & Company, 1881): 51. However, the daily reports of ammunition expended do not suggest a dramatic increase in the number of artillery pieces in service throughout the siege. Regimental musters, from the early 18th century onwards, were taken every month or quarter (frequency varied over the years) for pay and accounting purposes. Do not sell or share my personal information, Misc., personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units, Manuscript register of the series (roll 1), Individual states (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Virginia) includes records for Continental Army units raised in the state; state militia and volunteer units, Continental Troops - includes records for Continental Congress specialized units; Continental Congress infantry regiments organized from resolutions of 1776; Continental Army units raised in multiple states, Miscellaneous includes records for units larger than a regiment; special returns not easily classified into another category, Returns of the French Army under Count Rochambeau, Arranged by organization, then chronologically, Arranged by department, then chronologically. In the afternoon, the Allied barrage begins, with the French opening the salvo. On receiving word that the French fleet will be available for a siege south of New Jersey,Washington and Rochambeau move their force of almost 8,000 men south to Virginia, planning to join and lead about 12,000 other militia, French troops, and Continental troops in a siege of Yorktown.

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