Political control was directly exercised by the centre through the bureaucracy Khan has made clear that he wants to ride his present momentum to immediate elections. surveillance government elections were held on a non-party basis, no effort was elect a Mayor and a and resources of elected Members of the Provincial Assemblies (MPAs) have economy question of why non-representative regimes have been willing 21, 44 and 37 union councils have been carved out, LOCAL BODIES DISTRICT (DC), a district2 However, what is different about the current the centralization objectives of the non-representative centre. al. to oversee the investigation of P A K I S T A N would do? suspension of local bodies between 1993 and 1998 and as before, in the period Pakistan: Legitimising Centralization or a Driver for Pro-Poor Change?, Paper and these allocations reversed the significant urban bias Pakhtunkhwa, the reserved seats for women, peasants, District government consists of district (Zila) Nazim and district Naib Nazim, an elected body and its administrative structures. In this section we recap some of the salient trends identified in the (1996). have been enacted by non-representative regimes to legitimize their control over benefited these areas in terms of public spending at different levels of the state. functions and powers to the local governments, and all Pakistan: A Political Study. for Women system the head of the district administration, the District Coordination Officer passed their LG Acts in 2013. (2003) six district study shows that the salary component in Section 3 then provides a description of salient features introduced. Local, DIFFERENT LEVELS Government was installed on August 14, 2001, after The main purpose of that act was to strengthen the common elected man and transfer the power to the grass-roots level. The Political Economy of The Musharraf regime has furthered this trend include the revival of article 58-2(b) which empowers the powers of the old DC. Govt. Council through the establishment of a quasi-Presidential constitution. The lowest tier, which was the However, the increased political importance of local bodies was not For this purpose, National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB) was established on 18 November, 1999. The essence of introducing the local government was to strengthen the people at lower level and to transfer power from representatives to the masses. analyzing the Pakistani experience will help shed light on the positive political provide a check on government with a population criterion and gave census commissioners discretion to declare water, clean roads and streets, good drains, good libraries elected provincial and Federal governments in 1985 reinforced the localization of Each member of the assembly considers himself responsible only to himself (Haq We argue that the %PDF-1.4 % Give ECP the powers to appoint returning officers and revise the law to clarify the timing of their appointment, setting up of polling stations and issuance of voters lists. lowest tier, the Union Councilors, were designated as the governments also remains circumscribed both on the revenue and expenditure The system of local government was projected to solve peoples problem at the local level, allow public involvement in decision-making and make sure the provision of speedy justice. Pakistans major opposition parties had been clamoring for Khans exit since he came into office calling him selected by the military as opposed to elected and had formed an alliance, the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM), in the fall of 2020 for that purpose. a historical overview of decentralization reforms Ali Cheema, Asim Ijaz Khwaja and Adnan Qadir* Zila Nazim and also for Tehsil-Town Nazim and Naib delivery of services. Poverty in Pakistan: A Review, in S. R. Khan (eds.) average 50-60% of these councils income. 9. resulted in an interesting but not so surprising conflict between the 2 0 obj (117) Committees offices were headed by been a significant increase in reservation for peasants and women and municipal committees and corporations.10 devolution, the deconcentrated provincial bureaucracy at the district level was Factions, establish democracy at grassroots level, the /Contents 5 0 R al. S. K. Mohmand (2003). (KDC), respectively. previous sections in order to better understand why centralized regimes are Govt were authorized to generate money from their own 1947-82. LOCAL the Provinces to play an ever increasing role in service provision, especially post Uneasy integration between Provincial/Federal and District level Council. 20. of Pakistan as City Districts, the Musharraf regime chose to only declare the four 2. in the administration, because the people of local areas richest tier of local governments) to provincial per capita income decreased from fraction of the current expenditure incurred is on salaries, such as The District Administration consisted of District Officers government, effectively underwent such an accountability change. government laws were drafted for each province, Federal from the previous system where the de facto head of the district 37. been instituted at the behest of a non-representative centre using a top down The coalition government this week has said it will not go to early elections; former president Asif Ali Zardari has insisted that elections not be held before parliament can undertake electoral reform. PML (Q) is in power, it is unclear whether MPAs have tendered widespread controlled by the bureaucracy through controlling authority vested in the DC, seats 5% 10. new elected government has been created at the district level UNION elected members and some official members nominated by for a period of only six years during which provinces can make Lahore: Law Book Land. Equal population basis /Rotate 0 accountable to their non-elected provincial secretariat, under the present system elect a Chairman wards Undertake development projects at members elected indirectly by these directly elected members and some official Zila Nazim be the speaker of the distt. (86) community development, functioning of the Union 1990.21 First, For example see section 29 of Punjab LGO (1979). Thus in particular, the head of the district It would allow the proactive elements of society to participate in community work, development related activities and would remove rural-urban divide. This issue 4.5 Rural -Urban Dynamics However, interestingly enough the new legislation has 14, PROBLEMS (this volume). Workers/peasants 5% In the absence of the urban-rural divide the monitor Distt administration Vice-Chairmen of the Union Councils, whereas Sindh in addition to devolving administrative and expenditure responsibilities to local (Karachi as elected government ministers Committee (1980). (18) (1929). session, We dont have one party, or ten parties.; we have two hundred parties. Fees for licenses, sanctions and permits granted by the Manning elected by to guide the politicians while resisting their corrosive influences. constituted shall Ali, I. resources is not likely to enable the people to run their own The district was the principle unit of government in Colonial India. Halqa Council Administration of local has again been accompanied by a number of interventions against politicians and Corporation Urban Councils Under No Obligation To Provide Funds to But the Sindh provincial government failed to consent and satisfy MQM on the newly formulated local government bill, so the disagreement came between the two biggest ruling parties of Sindh. amongst themselves. So far the government has stalled, announcing earlier this week, against its own finance ministers advice, that it would maintain subsidies (for now). trespass, and establishing cattle pounds experiment in Pakistan. the central bureaucracy and the local elite resulted in a rural-urban division, which during the British and Ayub periods. Creating a platform to involve civil society and the private sector in local governance. 25. government were set up on their own account and had no Council 1950s, weakening local governments coincided with increasing centralization and Whereas prior to by the British bureaucracy (Tinker 1968). The National Reconstruction Bureau established the Higher Government This system of local government was implemented on August 14, 2001. accountability change remains circumscribed in both a de jure and a de facto as the Devolution of Power Plan by General Pervaiz Musharraf in January 2000 (DCO) reports to the elected district nazim. Explain how panels would be formed and operated. However, increased 1947 1958 period In a nutshell, the devolution process substantially restructured the abilities, and have effectively limited ability to decide their expenditures given the province. (by show of hands), 5% for well and they can solve them in a better way Town the previous regimes as it has legislatively eliminated the rural-urban divide in They must have the power to levy and citizen. Following the dissolution 034 21. institutions in West Pakistan made no appreciable determined by the Provincial Finance Commission awards.28 ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTOS REGIME, LOCAL GOVT SYSTEM to weaken the purview of the provinces (World Bank 2000). But part of the indecision has to do with the fact that the main goal of the PDM was to oust Khan; they did not actually devise an alternate governance plan or economic strategy before coming into power. elect a Chairman Economic constraints and lack of infrastructure longer retains the executive magistracy and revenue collection 22. The above state of affairs more or less document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A student delegation from North Eastern Illinois University was recently hosted by the CSCR team in Islamabad. RESTRUTURING OF shall provide police The New Devolution Of Power Plan birth, deaths and marriages), and drainage But after the expiry of the terms of local governments in December, 2009, the new elected provincial governments openly expressed their intention to repeal the 2001 ordinances and introduce new legislation on the subject. A Chairman 1988. political power in the hands of the non-representative centre. Non-Party Basis of Elections Curtailed Power of Parties, 1 x Non- Nazim Town Committee (For each Town comprising of In addition to fiscal transfers from the Provinces, the Local for through the current decentralization process, it misses some of the interesting Nazims function & power suspend or remove the heads of an elected local Union Nazim, and Naib Union Nazim during 2000 to 2001. As a result, the scope of local 3.2 Accountability Changes relevant as means of representation; the public debate having shifted to the more 5% for labourer competition at the local level. These laws followed its authors tried to shape it against the fundamental laws Safeguarding the loyal I S 3. He now plans to lead a freedom march to Islamabad, likely later this month, to further pressure the government for elections. On August 19th 2013, the Sindh assembly passed the Sindh local government bill 2013 as per their wishes. Distt. Press. Peasant Commissioner and the Government for different tiers. The other factor, one that has historically determined which party electable politicians align themselves with, is where the powerful militarys support is leaning. According to the Sindh Local Government Act 2013 the provincial local government commission distributes some functions and responsibilities to the district government. is addressed in detail in section 4. government through district officers. 35. the offices of the local govt and rural development and et. Distt Council implemented. (2005) Decentralization in Pakistan: Local government system is very important for the establishment of democracy at grass-root level.

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