The replacement scar tissue is produced by _____ and composed primarily of ___ fibers. Watch. -acts as an energy reservoir The other two layers of skin are the dermis and hypodermis. b: nail root The primary components include keratinocytes and melanocytes while containing less fibroblasts which are merely supportive cells for holding connective tissues together , making it pretty low maintenance tough(kinda like your lazy mood when your mom asks you about doing chores). T/F Melanin plays a role in Vitamin A production and normal vision as well as improved immunity, False; they have melanocytes but they aren't functional, T/F In albinism, the individual usually has white hair, pale skin, and pink irises because they don't have melanocytes, an inherited recessive condition . A CFC molecule such as CFCl3 is first decomposed by UV radiation: These functional qualities are conferred by the epidermis' principal cell type, the keratinocyte. d: apocrine gland, At the nail root and the proximal end of the nail body, the nail bed thickens to form the nail ______. The secretion of merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. With a prolonged reduction in oxygen levels, dark red deoxyhemoglobin becomes dominant in the blood, making the skin appear blue, a condition referred to as cyanosis (kyanos is the Greek word for blue). The epidermis is composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. Hemoglobin is a red pigment found in red blood cells. When ____ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals. The Skin | Boundless Anatomy and Physiology | | Course Hero From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum _____, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale. It is the thicker of the two dermal layers. Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The cells in all of the layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes. Lipids are released by keratinocytes in this layer to form a lipid barrier in the epidermis. When there is an irregular accumulation of melanocytes in the skin, freckles appear. A finger-like projection, or fold, known as the dermal papilla (plural = dermal papillae) is found in the superficial portion of the dermis. Fat distribution changes as our bodies mature and age. The dermis exists between the epidermis and the hypodermis. The dermis might be considered the core of the integumentary system (derma- = skin), as distinct from the epidermis (epi- = upon or over) and hypodermis (hypo- = below). The hypodermis is home to most of the fat that concerns people when they are trying to keep their weight under control. Sunburn occurs when the outer layer of the skin is damaged by UV light from the sun or tanning lamps. In addition, the papillary layer contains phagocytes, defensive cells that help fight bacteria or other infections that have breached the skin. Apocrine sweat glands are classified as ____ glands. When UV light strikes the molecules, it changes them to vitamin D3. The second is a melanocyte, a cell that produces the pigment melanin. Unlocking the Secrets to Stardom, Is Your Relationship Worth It? The tissues of the matrix give the dermis both strength and flexibility. This layer contains melanocytes, which are skin color-forming cells (pigments) that protect the skin from UV radiation. The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______. The stratum basale (also called the stratum germinativum) is the deepest epidermal layer and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis. Functions of the skin include protection from microbes, regulation of body temperature, and sensation of touch, heat and cold. These slides show cross-sections of the epidermis and dermis of (a) thin and (b) thick skin. Fingerprints are genetically determined, so no two people (other than identical twins) have exactly the same fingerprint pattern. LM 40. 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Protection from pathogens is also provided by conditions at or near the skin surface. However, two other substances also contribute to skin color, especially in light-skinned people: carotene and hemoglobin. c: nail plate Avoid sudden changes in temperature and humidity. A dermatologist can also prescribe prescription medications (which are likely to be more effective than OTC products) and provide other medical treatments such as laser light therapies or chemical peels. The epidermis covers almost the entire body surface. Inflammation, in turn, causes swelling and redness and may be associated with the formation of pus. This is critical for maintaining healthy skin and preserving proper water balance in the body. When pathogens such as viruses and bacteria try to enter the body, it is virtually impossible for them to enter through intact epidermal layers. The 16.______helps by producing some digestive juices called bile. Free nerve endings sense pain and temperature variations. The Merkel cells are especially numerous in touch-sensitive areas such as the fingertips and lips. The keratinocytes that compose the stratum lucidum are dead and flattened (see Figure 5.5). The stratum basale contains stem cells, called basal cells, which divide to form all the keratinocytes of the epidermis. b: nail fold Skin has three layers. The dermis is the layer just under the epidermis that contains hair follicles,nerves,blood and lymph vessels - the layer . The more melanin there is in the skin, the more UV light that can be absorbed. Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _____ weeks. Keratin is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties. As an individual ages, skin repair processes take _____. Generally, pathogens can enter the skin only if the epidermis has been breached, for example by a cut, puncture, or scrape in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\). (d) One suggestion to reduce the concentration of chlorine radicals is to add hydrocarbons such as ethane (C2H6) to the stratosphere. These contractions of arrector pili muscles are the cause of goosebumps. You can help take care of your skin by drinking plenty of water, eating antioxidant-rich foods and regularly using sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. (credit: (a) Klaus D. Peter (b) Owl Bridge Media / Wikimedia. The structure of the dermis consists of elastic fibers, reticular fibers, and collagen fibers. The dermis is the layer of the skin present beneath the epidermis of the skin.

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