[162][163][164] However, the Balkan Vlachs' northward migration ensured that these centers remained in close contact for centuries. [7], Romania's population has declined steadily in recent decades, from a peak of 23.2 million in 1990 to 19.12 million in 2021. Wood carvings, brightly ornamented costumes, skillfully woven carpets, pottery, and other elements of traditional Romanian culture remain popular and, with the growth of tourism, have become known internationally. Hbork s hadvisels az rpdok korban [Wars and Tactics under the rpds] (in Hungarian). At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. Sources give varied estimates for Romania's historical population. Szukits Knyvkiad. Mircea Eliade, writer and historian of religions, Sergiu Celibidache, honored conductor and music teacher. Romania is not Western. The 2002 census indicates that 0.9% of the population is Greek Catholic, as opposed to about 10% prior to 1948. The province ceased to exist around 679681, when the region was overrun by the Bulgars, which the Emperor Constantine IV was forced to recognize in 681. C'est ce qu'a imagin l'auteur et dessinateur Christophe Chabout dans son roman graphique intitul Muse. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, while Hungarians still constitute the majority in Harghita and Covasna counties. The color of skin is a little dark, but only 20% of women have such color of skin, the rest are of typical Central European type. Part I: Structure and Meaning, European Journal of Population", https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?pub=1124-originea-medievala-a-focarelor-de-conflict-din-peninsula-balcanica, " : , , ", " " / , https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/AnnaComnena-Alexiad.asp, https://archive.org/details/o-city-of-byzantium-annals-of-niketas-choniates-ttranslated-by-harry-j-magoulias-1984, http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_en/anzeige.php?pk=337176, https://archive.org/details/tabulaimperiibyz0000unse, "Treaty of Bucharest/Russo-Turkish history [1812]", "De ce este srbtorit Ziua Limbii Romne la 31 august", Magyar Trtnelmi Tr 4. sorozat 4. ktet 1903. Current national objectives of Romania include adhering to the Schengen Area, the Eurozone as well as the OECD (i.e. Early rulers from the Asen dynasty (particularly Kaloyan) referred to themselves as "Emperors of Bulgarians and Vlachs". Romania | History, Map, & Facts | Britannica Romani people - Wikipedia Romanians are usually traditional and very attached to their families, so even you are dating an independent Romanian, don't underestimate the importance of the family in their life. Romanians have played and contributed a major role in the advancement of the arts, culture, sciences, technology and engineering. not all Romanian nationals identify with Romanian ethnicity, and vice versa); The measurements and methodologies employed by governments to enumerate and describe the ethnicity and ancestry of their citizens vary from country to country. Curta, Florin (2006), pp. of the women were of Romanian ethnicity, close to half of the participants (49%, n = 70) had . [72] According to the Laterculus Veronensis of c.314 and the Notitia Dignitatum of c.400, Scythia belonged to the Diocese of Thrace. Wood carving, pottery, and woolen rug weaving are some of the traditional Romanian handicrafts. The principal minorities are Hungarians and Roma, although other smaller ethnic groups exist too. Race is defined as "a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits.". The National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics (NIRDI) gives the following numbers (the figure for 2020 was provided by the National Institute of Statistics - INSSE): Slightly more than 10% of the population of Romania is formed of minorities of Romania. Two-thirds of the ethnic German population either left or were deported after World War II, a period that was followed by decades of relatively regular (by communist standards) migration. Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues. III, Bucharest, 1975, VI, pp 3. Romanian Genetics - DNA of the majority ethnic group in - Khazaria The national capital is Bucharest. About 89.3% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians (as per the 2022 Romanian census), whose native language, Romanian, is a Daco-Romance language, descended from Latin (more specifically from Vulgar Latin) with some French, German, English, Greek, Italian, Slavic, and Hungarian borrowings. This article discusses the period from the founding of the city and the regal period, which began in 753 bc, through the events leading to the founding of the republic in 509 bc, the establishment of the empire in 27 bc, and the final eclipse of the Empire of the West in the 5th century ad. [42], definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.). One of the reasons for which the number of Germans in Romania fell is because after the Romanian Revolution there has been a mass migration of Transylvania Saxons to Germany, in what was referred by British daily newspaper Guardian to as 'the most astonishing, and little reported, ethnic migration in modern Europe'. [103] Anna Komnene reports that in 1094, on the occasion of the Cumans' campaign south of the Danube, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos was informed about the movements of the "Turanians", who had crossed the Danube by "a certain Pudilos, a Vlach noble". Prior to the two wars, Decebalus defeated a Roman invasion during the reign of Domitian between 86 and 88 AD.[64]. [173][174] Haplogroup R1a among Romanians is entirely from the Eastern European variety Z282 and may be a result of Baltic, Thracian or Slavic descent. Romanians can also be found in many countries, notably in the other EU countries, particularly in Italy, Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom and France; in North America in the United States and Canada; in Israel; as well as in Brazil, Australia, Argentina, and New Zealand among many other countries. In the arts and culture, prominent figures were George Enescu (music composer, violinist, professor of Sir Yehudi Menuhin), Constantin Brncui (sculptor), Eugne Ionesco (playwright), Mircea Eliade (historian of religion and novelist), Emil Cioran (essayist, Prix de l'Institut Franais for stylism) and Angela Gheorghiu (soprano). This short-lived period was marked, at times, by political instabilities and efforts of maintaining a constitutional monarchy in favour of other, totalitarian regimes such as an absolute monarchy or a military dictatorship. Note: The 2011 Romanian census gave a figure of 20,121,641. [77], The first written record about a Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages in the Balkans, near the Haemus Mons is from 587 AD. Contact: Sarah Eley. [68] The territory of the diocese was devastated by the Huns in the middle of 5th century and finally overrun by the Avars and Slavs in late 6th and early 7th century. In 1699 it became a part of the Habsburg lands. ISBN 0-19-504652-8. The three principalities were united for several months in 1600 under the authority of Wallachian Prince Michael the Brave. Following the conquest of Southern and Central Transylvania around 830, people from the Bulgar Empire mined salt from mines in Turda, Ocna Mure, Sreni and Ocnia. Haplogroup I occurs at 32% in Romanians. [161] Numbering about 500 people still living in the original villages of Istria while the majority left for other countries after World War II (mainly to Italy, United States, Canada, Spain, Germany, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania, and Australia), they speak the Istro-Romanian language, the closest living relative of Romanian. This estimate notes however that "other immigrants of Romanian national minority groups have been included such as: Armenians, Germans, Gypsies, Hungarians, Jews, and Ukrainians". N.N. Romania has a long tradition of folk music. [145] Raymond Detrez asserts that romn, derived from the Latin Romanus, acquired at a certain point the same meaning of the Greek Romaios; that of Orthodox Christian. Originally within the Byzantine Empire, but after the 13th century autonomous or semi-independent. Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1999),p. 44. Eventually the entire Balkan peninsula was annexed by the Ottoman Empire. [80][81] Gesta Hungarorum also mentions the Slavs, Bulgarians,Vlachs and the shepherds of the Romans inhabiting the Carpathian Basin: "sclauij, Bulgarij et Blachij, ac pastores romanorum". Based on linguistic and archaeological findings, historians suggest that the Romanians' ancestors acquired polytheistic religions in the Roman era, later adopting Christianity, most likely by the 4th century AD when decreed by Emperor Constantine the Great as the official religion of the Roman Empire. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. In the context of the 1848 Romanticist and liberal revolutions across Europe, the events that took place in the Grand Principality of Transylvania were the first of their kind to unfold in the Romanian-speaking territories. "Vlach" was an exonym used almost exclusively for the Romanians during the Middle Ages. Europeans have long portrayed the Roma/Gypsies as cunning outsiders who steal from local residents before moving. An error range for the estimate is not provided. As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year. In 1916, Romania joined the war on the side of the Triple Entente. For example, Onoriu Colcel considers that the terms "Romania" and "Romanian" would only have appeared during the 19th century. Romanians and Romania: A Brief History. Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019. [72] Roman fortifications mostly date to the Tetrarchy or the Constantinian dynasty. (meaning "Return, return, brother!"). ISBN 963-9441-87-2. Victor Babe discovered more than 50 germs and a cure for a disease named after him, babesiosis; biologist Nicolae Paulescu was among the first scientists to identify insulin. Italy and Spain have been popular emigration destinations, due to a relatively low language barrier, and both are each now home to about a million Romanians. The origins of the Romanian language, a Romance language, can be traced back to the Roman colonisation of the region. Origin of Roman culture, characteristics and more - Postposmo Comparison of baseline characteristics between patients of Roma and A similar holiday also exists in Moldova on the same day since 1990. Roman Catholics, largely ethnic Hungarians and Germans, constitute 4.7% of the population; Calvinists, Baptists (see Baptist Union of Romania and Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania), Pentecostals, and Lutherans make up another 5%. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, English translation: Elisabeth Dawes, London, 1928: Annals of Niketas Choniates, Translated by H.J. Also, this number does not include ethnic-Romanians who no longer speak the Romanian language. Race and ethnicity, explained | National Geographic Performance Arts Traditional Romanian dancers. [44], Population by ethnicity based on age groups, according to the 2011 census:[45], Foreign-born population (according to Eurostat):[46]. The influence of Roman culture extends beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, especially due to the influence of Latin and its expansion throughout Middle Europe. Supplementary Tables", "Microsoft Word - REZULTATE DEFINITIVE RPL2011.doc", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", "Bun venit la Institutul National de Statistica - Institutul National de Statistica", "Welcome to National Institute of Statistics | National Institute of Statistics", "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "POPULAIA ROMNIEI PE LOCALITI LA 1 IANUARIE 2016", "GHO - By category - Life expectancy and Healthy life expecancy - Data by country", "Countries Compared by People > Total population > Age 25-29 >% of the total. [154] The vast majority are Eastern Orthodox Christians, belonging to the Romanian Orthodox Church (a branch of Eastern Orthodoxy, or Eastern Orthodox Church, together with the Greek Orthodox, Orthodox Church of Georgia and Russian Orthodox Churches, among others). Romania is a country in southeastern Europe bordering Ukraine, Bulgaria, Moldova, Hungary and Serbia. Free elections were held in 1990. Nowadays, the term Vlach is more often used to refer to the Romanized populations of the Balkans who speak Daco-Romanian, Aromanian, Istro-Romanian, and Megleno-Romanian. Kamusella continues by stating that they preferred this ethnonym in order to stress their presumed link with Ancient Rome and that it became more popular as a nationalistic form of referring to all Romanian-language speakers as a distinct and separate nation during the 1820s. Just a slight majority, 56.4 percent, lives in urban areas (12,546,212 people in total). More recently, filmmakers such as Cristi Puiu and Cristian Mungiu have attracted international acclaim, as has fashion designer Ioana Ciolacu. 341836. Between Prespa and Kastoria, they met and fought with a Bulgarian rebel named David. The Vlachs killed David in their first documented battle. Wallachia, the Southern region of Romania, takes its name from the same source. The Roma culture has a rich oral tradition, with an emphasis on family. Human Y-chromosomal variation in European populations (PhD Thesis). [107][108][109][110], By the 9th and 10th centuries, the nomadic Pechenegs conquered much of the steppes of Southeast Europe and the Crimean Peninsula.The Pecheneg wars against the Kievan Rus' caused some of the Slavs and Vlachs from North of the Danube to gradually migrate north of the Dniestr in the 10th and 11th centuries. [29], Source: National Institute of Statistics[33]. [93] John Skylitzes mentions the Vlachs around 976 AD, as guides and guards of Byzantine caravans in the Balkans. Another biologist, Emil Palade, received the Nobel Prize for his contributions to cell biology. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramure County (where they make up 6.77% of the population). The country was under communist rule from 1948 until 1989, when the regime of Romanian leader Nicolae Ceauescu was overthrown. The name of "Vlachs" is an exonym that was used by Slavs to refer to all Romanized natives of the Balkans. The mid-19th century political discourse of Romanian elites, which rejected the idea of transplanting Western forms of development onto profoundly Oriental societies such as those in the Romanian kingdoms, marked the Romanian national discourse for the next 150 years. If we need to, we refer to either 'aggregated' ethnic groups or ethnic groups 'as a whole'. Did Romans Have an Ethnic Identity? | Antichthon | Cambridge Core Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). For example, the 'broad Asian group' or the 'specific Pakistani group'. A Vlach muleteer accompanying the Byzantine army noticed that the load was falling from one of the animals and shouted to a companion Torna, torna, fratre! [23] Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. Demographics of Romania - Wikipedia As of 2017, an Ethnologue estimation puts the (worldwide) number of Romanian speakers at approximately 24.15 million. , Bosch2006, Varzari2006, Varzari 2013, Martinez-Cruz 2012. As of 1920, the Romanian people was believed to number over 15 million solely in the region of the Romanian kingdom, a figure larger than the populations of Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands combined.[128]. Romanians are talkative and assertive Romanians like to talk. Unpaid care and protected characteristics; ethnic group, England and Indeed ethnicity, in terms of genetic characteristics that render non-Romans inferior to Romans, plays little or no role in these assessments. The ethnic origins of Romanians - Stormfront If to talk about color of hair, many Romanian women are brunettes. An alternative name used in connection with the pre-mid Second Bulgarian Empire 13th century period is the Empire of Vlachs and Bulgarians;[112] variant names include the "VlachBulgarian Empire", the "BulgarianWallachian Empire". During the late Middle Ages, prominent medieval Romanian monarchs such as Bogdan of Moldavia, Stephen the Great, Mircea the Elder, Michael the Brave, or Vlad the Impaler took part actively in the history of Central Europe by waging tumultuous wars and leading noteworthy crusades against the then continuously expanding Ottoman Empire, at times allied with either the Kingdom of Poland or the Kingdom of Hungary in these causes. [9] Among the causes of population decline are high mortality, a low fertility rate since 1990, and tremendous levels of emigration. [124] "Vlachia", "Great Vlachia", and the other variants began to fall out of use for Thessaly at the turn of the 14th century, and with the emergence of the Principality of Wallachia north of the Danube in the 14th century, from the 15th century the name was reserved for it. v.1: "Mysl.1987. Minorities of Romania - Wikipedia [94]Kekaumenos's father-in-law was Nikulitzas Delphinas, a lord of Larissa who took part in the revolt of Bulgarians and Vlachs in Thessaly in 1066 AD. [155][156], According to the 2011 census, 93.6% of ethnic Romanians in Romania identified themselves as Romanian Orthodox (in comparison to 81% of Romania's total population, including other ethnic groups). [134] According to Tomasz Kamusella, at the time of the rise of Romanian nationalism during the early 19th century, the political leaders of Wallachia and Moldavia were aware that the name Romnia was identical to Romania, a name that had been used for the former Byzantine Empire by its inhabitants. [141] From the Middle Ages, Romanians bore two names, the exonym (one given to them by foreigners) Wallachians or Vlachs, under its various forms (vlah, valah, valach, voloh, blac, olh, vlas, ilac, ulah, etc. A degree of overlap may exist or be shared between Romanian and other ethnic identities in certain situations, and census or survey respondents may elect to identify with one particular ancestry but not another, or instead identify with multiple ancestries; Counts and estimates may inconsistently distinguish between Romanian nationality and Romanian ethnicity (i.e. Romanians are the natives of Romania sharing a common culture, ancestry and the language of Romania. Ancient Rome | History, Government, Religion, Maps, & Facts However, it is generally accepted that ethnicity includes all of these aspects, and others, in combination. A lot. List of ethnic groups - GOV.UK Oxford: Oxford University Press. Religious affiliation tends to follow ethnic lines, with most ethnic Romanians identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church. On the one hand, the Transylvanian Saxons and the Transylvanian Romanians (with consistent support on behalf of the Austrian Empire) successfully managed to oppose the goals of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, with the two noteworthy historical figures leading the common Romanian-Saxon side at the time being Avram Iancu and Stephan Ludwig Roth. They live predominantly in Europe and Anatolia, but have diaspora populations located worldwide with significant concentrations in the Americas. Romans conquered Dacia, and then migled with the native Dacians. The Romanian laguage is Latinic. The term ethnicities is more broadly defined as "large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background.". Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). Maybe I'm crossing a line here, but judging from her father's facial phenotype, he's very likely of Roma origins. Besides the separation of some groups (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians) during the Age of Migration, many Vlachs could be found all over the Balkans, in Transylvania,[75] across Carpathian Mountains[76] as far north as Poland and as far west as the regions of Moravia (part of the modern Czech Republic), some went as far east as Volhynia of western Ukraine, and the present-day Croatia where the Morlachs gradually disappeared, while the Catholic and Orthodox Vlachs took Croat and Serb national identity.

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